AN11TEWO1021

SÉANCE DÉCOUVERTE
Course contents
Table des matières
1 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................................................3
1.1 ARTIVISM ..................................................................................................................................................3
2 DISCOVERING MURALS .................................................................................................................................3
2.1 INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................................3
3 DENOUNCING TOPICAL ISSUES ...................................................................................................................5
3.1 QUESTION 1 ..............................................................................................................................................5
3.2 QUESTION 2 ..............................................................................................................................................5
3.3 QUESTION 3 ..............................................................................................................................................7
3.4 REACT ......................................................................................................................................................7
4 MURALS AS SYMBOLS OF A COMMUNITY ....................................................................................................8
4.1 INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................................8
4.2 QUESTION 1 ..............................................................................................................................................9
4.3 QUESTION 2 ............................................................................................................................................10
4.4 QUESTION 3 ............................................................................................................................................11
4.5 QUESTION 4 ............................................................................................................................................11
4.6 QUESTION 5 ............................................................................................................................................12
4.7 RECAP ....................................................................................................................................................13
5 COMPARING MURALS AND GRAFFITI.........................................................................................................14
5.1 DEFINITION .............................................................................................................................................14
5.2 COMPARISON ...........................................................................................................................................15
5.3 MESSAGES ..............................................................................................................................................16
5.4 RECAP ....................................................................................................................................................17
5.5 VOCABULARY ...........................................................................................................................................18
6 END OF THE DISCOVERY LESSON ..............................................................................................................19
6.1 END OF THE DISCOVERY LESSON .................................................................................................................19
7 TRADUCTION................................................................................................................................................19
8 CRÉDITS .......................................................................................................................................................20
1 Introduction
1.1 Artivism
1.1.1 Ce que nous allons aborder
In this discovery lesson, you will study a few documents to get familiar with the topic discussed in this
sequence on “Art and Power”. You will learn cultural facts about the English-speaking world and some
useful and specific vocabulary.
By the end of this lesson, you will be able to identify questions raised by the documents. The following parts
will help you get an insight into « Artivism » and answer your questions.
1.1.2 Temps de travail indicatif
1 heure 30
2 Discovering murals
2.1 Introduction
3 CNED- Séance découverte

Deux personnages figurent sur cette peinture murale. Un homme, vêtu d’habits sales et portant une
casquette et des baskets, rampe dans un tunnel souterrain, un briquet à la main et le nom « JOSE » tagué
sur le bras.
L’autre homme se tient debout au dessus du tunnel. Il porte un chapeau de cowboy, une moustache, une
chemise à carreau, un jeans et un gros ceinturon. Il a une liasse de billets à la main, un manchon de poulet
dans la poche et deux bourses avec le symbole $ à ses pieds. Il se tient près d’un mur peint en noir avec
des croix blanches qui symbolise une frontière.
Cette peinture murale recouvre l’ensemble du mur pignon d’une maison. Elle est composée de 5 éléments:
en haut au centre, un homme cagoulé et vêtu d’habits militaires pointe vers le spectateur avec une arme à
feu, en dessous la légende dit: « U.F.F. MEMBER. ». Il y a, à gauche, le portrait d’un homme dont la légende
indique « UDU MEMBER ». A droite un autre portrait porte la légende: « UDA MEMBER ».
En dessous de chaque portrait, un blason apparait avec les drapeaux britannique et nord irlandais, et une

bannière aux armes de la reine avec les légendes: « ULSTER DEFENSE UNION FORMED 1893 » et
« ULSTER DEFENSE ASSOCIATION FORMED 1972 ».
Murals are large pieces of work usually painted on walls. Some murals can be commissioned by a sponsor,
local authorities or private owners while others are done illegally.
They are a powerful and effective tool for street artists to convey a message to a large audience. Murals can
often address social or political issues.
You will now study two murals in order to understand how street artists use them.
3 Denouncing topical issues
3.1 Question 1
Deux personnages : un homme rampe dans un tunnel souterrain et un autre homme se tient debout au
dessus du tunnel.
Exercice 1 - Corrigé à la page 21
Look carefully at the mural on the left and look for clues. Where do you think this mural was
likely to be painted?
○ In Europe
○ At the Mexican border with the USA
○ In Venezuela
3.2 Question 2

dessus du tunnel.
This mural can be divided into two halves: the upper part with the sky in the background and the
lower part with a man underground. Decide whether the following words or expressions could
best describe the upper or the lower part.
Upper part Lower part
A poor, skinny man ○ ○

A wealthy, fat man ○ ○
A cowboy hat, a checkered shirt and a pair of jeans ○ ○
A cap, brown trousers and a green long-sleeve-t-shirt ○ ○
Bags full of money ○ ○
White crosses ○ ○
To cross a border illegally ○ ○
To crawl underground ○ ○

To smuggle/a smuggler ○ ○
An undocumented immigrant ○ ○
3.3 Question 3
dessus du tunnel.
Which issue do you think the artist wanted to address?
○ Lawful trade
○ Drug trafficking
○ Illegal immigration
3.4 React

dessus du tunnel.
React :
 Do you think that this mural was more likely to be commissioned or illegal? What makes
you think so?
 Do you think that the artist reached his goal?
4 Murals as symbols of a community
4.1 Introduction

Sur le mur pignon d’une maison, 3 portraits et 2 blasons sont peints.
This famous mural can be seen in the Shankill Road area of Belfast, in Northern Ireland.
Shankill was a centre for loyalist paramilitarism during what is called “the Troubles”.
Search for information on this historical period in order to answer the following questions.
For example, go to http://www.wikipedia.com/ and type the following key words in the search bar:
 The Troubles
 Murals in Northern Ireland
 UDU / UDA / UFF
 Loyalists / unionists and republicans
4.2 Question 1

When did « The Troubles » take place?
○ From 1919 to 1921
○ In the 1960s
○ From 1968 to 1998
4.3 Question 2

In which two cities can murals mainly be seen in Northern Ireland?
○ Dublin and Belfast
○ Belfast and Londonderry
○ Londonderry and Ballymurphy
4.4 Question 3

How many murals have been painted since the Troubles in these two cities?
○ Roughly 2,000
○ 300
○ 46
4.5 Question 4

Select the correct answers:
Unionists are ...
□ also called Loyalists because they are loyal to the British crown
□ mostly Catholics
□ mostly Protestants
□ also called Republicans as they wanted to join the Republic of Ireland
□ Irish nationalists
4.6 Question 5

Look at the details of this mural. Choose three appropriate answers for the two following
questions:
 Which community is the soldier most likely to be a member of?

 What do you think is the purpose of this mural?
□ Catholic community
□ Protestant community
□ To pay a tribute to the loyalist communities
□ To ask for independence from the UK
□ To tigger a civil war
□ To dissuade Catholics from entering the Protestant neighbourhood
4.7 Recap

Overall, the main goals of murals are mainly to pay tributes to some historical figures, display historic
events or denounce political actions.
Nowadays, murals seen in Northern Ireland tend to develop other themes such as peace and tolerance,
especially in terms of religion.

Do you remember ever seeing a mural in a city that left its mark on you? What did it look like?
How did it make you feel?
5 Comparing murals and graffiti
5.1 Definition

Un mur et des poteaux sont recouverts de tags multicolores. Un homme est assis sur des marches et boit.
You may have seen murals before but the most common form of street art is graffiti. How would you define
“Graffiti”?
Remember to take into account:
 where you can see them

 Time when they are done
 The conditions under which they are done
 Their purpose
 Who paints them and how
5.2 Comparison

Do the satements best correspond to the description of graffiti or murals? Tick the appropriate
box
Graffiti Murals
1. Artists mostly work at night ○ ○

2. Artists are often commissioned by local authorities or private
owners ○ ○
3. This kind of art has a good reputation and is often called
urban art, public art or outdoor art ○ ○
4. Artists use fake identities for fear of being caught by the
police when tagging public places ○ ○
5. Their relationship with the media is complex because their
art is illegal ○ ○
6. The "lifespan" of the art work can reach more than 20 years
as they are officially approved ○ ○
7. Their art is temporary and is meant to be covered by other
tags ○ ○
5.3 Messages

Look at the picture. What do you think this kind of graffiti expresses?
5.4 Recap
Un mur est recouvert de dessins, messages ou mots tagués.


The power of graffiti and murals: Compare the potential impact of graffiti to the potential impact
of murals on society.
Use expressions of contrast:
 Contrary to + nominal group, unlike + nominal group,

 While + subject + verb,
 Whereas + subject + verb,
 To be different from, to differ from
5.5 Vocabulary
Un mur est recouvert de dessins, messages ou mots tagués.
5.5.1 Graffiti /grəəfiti/ n. (uncountable)
 plural of graffito, an ancient drawing or writing on a wall or other surface. (archeology)

 (used with a plural verb) words, signs or drawings, written or spray-painted on walls in public
places: “These specific graffiti are seen all around the town.”
 (used with a singular verb) such words, signs or drawings, as a whole: “Graffiti often appears
around here these days.”

Read the definition carefully and select the appropriate words to complete the following
sentences:

a. Archaeologists have found a ................................... (1) on the cave walls.
b. The ................................... (2) we can see in this street are mainly name tags and stencils.
c. ................................... (3) is sometimes considered as a form of art.
d. A piece of ................................... (4) has appeared overnight on the wall of the station.
Solutions proposées:
1: Sélectionner, graffito, graffiti
6 End of the discovery lesson
6.1 End of the discovery lesson
You have compared different urban art forms and discovered under which conditions they were made. You
have also learnt about messages conveyed by some murals and thought about the questions graffiti might
raise.
In the following parts, you will first focus on the history of graffiti and on the reputation of street art in
general.
Then, you will get familiar with some issues the artists want to tackle.
This discovery lesson is over, you can now move on to part 1.
Traduction
You have studied vocabulary related to:
 Immigration: an undocumented immigrants, to smuggle, to cross a border

 Art: street art = urban art, public art, outdoor art, to tag / a tag, private owners, public space, local
authorities, graffito / graffiti, murals
 Activism: to denounce, to raise a question, to pay tribute (to), to trigger
7 Traduction
Traduction de la fin de séance

Vous avez pu comparer différentes formes d’art et découvrir leurs conditions d’élaboration.
Vous avez également découvert des messages diffusés par les peintures murales et réfléchi aux interrogations que les graffitis
suscitent.
Dans les deux parties de la séquence, vous allez étudier l’histoire du graffiti et la réputation de l’art de la rue en général. Enfin,
vous aborderez quelques problèmes que les artistes souhaitent dénoncer.

La séance découverte est maintenant terminée, vous pouvez prendre connaissance des objectifs de la séquence et commencer la
partie 1.
8 Crédits
Titre de la ressource
Photo page 01 : © CNED
Photo page 02 : © adoasis.net / © CNED
Photo page 03 à 06 : © CNED
Photo page 07 à 13 : © adoasis.net
Photo page 14 à 16 : © CNED
Photo page 17 à 18 : dimapf./© iStock/getty image Plus

Solutions
Exercice 1 - Page 5
Look carefully at the mural on the left and look for clues. Where do you think this mural was
likely to be painted?
○ In Europe
● At the Mexican border with the USA
○ In Venezuela
Well done! This mural was seen on a wall separating Mexico and the United States in Tijuana, 29 January
2006.
Exercice 2 - Page 6
This mural can be divided into two halves: the upper part with the sky in the background and the
lower part with a man underground. Decide whether the following words or expressions could
best describe the upper or the lower part.
Upper part Lower part
A poor, skinny man ○ ●

A wealthy, fat man ● ○
A cowboy hat, a checkered shirt and a pair of jeans ● ○
A cap, brown trousers and a green long-sleeve-t-shirt ○ ●
Bags full of money ● ○
White crosses ● ○
To cross a border illegally ○ ●
To crawl underground ○ ●
To smuggle/a smuggler ● ○
An undocumented immigrant ○ ●

Well done!
Exercice 3 - Page 7
Which issue do you think the artist wanted to address?
○ Lawful trade
○ Drug trafficking
● Illegal immigration
Well done! The man above is likely to be a smuggler paid by immigrants such as the man crawling
underground who wants to cross the border with the USA.
Exercice 4 - Page 8
React :
 Do you think that this mural was more likely to be commissioned or illegal? What makes
you think so?
 Do you think that the artist reached his goal?
It is likely to be an illegal mural as the artist wants to raise some questions concerning the smuggling of
immigrants, the poverty of Mexicans and the potitical situtations both in Mexico and the USA…
Exercice 5 - Page 10
When did « The Troubles » take place?
○ From 1919 to 1921
○ In the 1960s
● From 1968 to 1998
Well done!
In which two cities can murals mainly be seen in Northern Ireland?

○ Dublin and Belfast
● Belfast and Londonderry
○ Londonderry and Ballymurphy
Well done! Belfast and Londonderry are the two main cities where you can see murals. In the Republic of
Ireland, “Derry” is used instead of “Londonderry” (official name).
How many murals have been painted since the Troubles in these two cities?
● Roughly 2,000
○ 300
○ 46
Well done! About 2,000 murals have been documented so far.

Select the correct answers:
Unionists are ...
■ also called Loyalists because they are loyal to the British crown
□ mostly Catholics
■ mostly Protestants
□ also called Republicans as they wanted to join the Republic of Ireland
□ Irish nationalists
Well done! You have found the two correct answers. Unionists are also called Loyalists as they are loyal to
the British Crown and want to remain within the UK. They are mostly Protestants whereas Republicans,
also called Irish nationalists, are Catholics. The Republicans want Northern Ireland and the Republic of
Ireland to be united.

Look at the details of this mural. Choose three appropriate answers for the two following
questions:
 Which community is the soldier most likely to be a member of?

 What do you think is the purpose of this mural?
□ Catholic community
■ Protestant community
■ To pay a tribute to the loyalist communities
□ To ask for independence from the UK
□ To tigger a civil war
■ To dissuade Catholics from entering the Protestant neighbourhood
Well done!
Do you remember ever seeing a mural in a city that left its mark on you? What did it look like?
How did it make you feel?
Did you describe what it looked like? Did you mention how it made you feel?
street
sign
wall
building
train
bus
staircase
day
night
quickly
illegaly
legally
names

dates
messages
young
teenagers
artists
vandals
spray
stencil
public
private
Mots clés possibles:

street, sign, wall, building, train, bus, staircase, day, night, quickly, illegaly, legally, names, dates,
messages, young, teenagers, artists, vandals, spray, stencil, public, private
Do the satements best correspond to the description of graffiti or murals? Tick the appropriate
box
Graffiti Murals
1. Artists mostly work at night ● ○

2. Artists are often commissioned by local authorities or private
owners ○ ●
3. This kind of art has a good reputation and is often called
urban art, public art or outdoor art ○ ●
4. Artists use fake identities for fear of being caught by the
police when tagging public places ● ○
5. Their relationship with the media is complex because their
art is illegal ● ○
6. The "lifespan" of the art work can reach more than 20 years
as they are officially approved ○ ●
7. Their art is temporary and is meant to be covered by other
tags ● ○
Well done!
Look at the picture. What do you think this kind of graffiti expresses?

Identity
names
places
love
hate
society
vandalism
destroy
pollute
anger
rage
feelings
respect
disrespect
lack
There is no correct answer here. Indeed, artists can express a variety of feelings, from love to anger or
disrespect. In the following two parts, you will study some examples of messages graffiti artists want to
convey.
The power of graffiti and murals: Compare the potential impact of graffiti to the potential impact
of murals on society.
Use expressions of contrast:
 Contrary to + nominal group, unlike + nominal group,

 While + subject + verb,
 Whereas + subject + verb,
 To be different from, to differ from
contrary
while
whereas
different
Have you used words like contrary to, while, whereas, different from etc. to compare graffiti and murals?
You will get familiar with their impact in the following parts.
Read the definition carefully and select the appropriate words to complete the following
sentences:

a. Archaeologists have found a graffito (1) on the cave walls.
b. The graffiti (2) we can see in this street are mainly name tags and stencils.
c. graffiti (3) is sometimes considered as a form of art.
d. A piece of graffiti (4) has appeared overnight on the wall of the station.
Well done! You’ve found the correct answers.

“Graffito” is a singular countable noun when the context refers to the field of archaeology. Only a technical
or scientific context accepts the use of the singular form “graffito”.
When the verb is plural, the subject, “The graffiti”, refers to some specific markings: the ones “we can see
in this street” but when “Graffiti” refers to some markings as a whole, the verb is singular.
“Graffiti” is an uncountable noun and thus requires the quantifier “a piece of”. In the context, the “station”
refers to a modern context so “A graffito” would not be used.

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SÉANCE DÉCOUVERTE

1.1.1 Ce que nous allons aborder

1.1.2 Temps de travail indicatif

3 CNED- Séance découverte

4 CNED- Séance découverte

3 Denouncing topical issues

○ At the Mexican border with the USA

5 CNED- Séance découverte

Upper part Lower part

A poor, skinny man ○ ○

6 CNED- Séance découverte

7 CNED- Séance découverte

4 Murals as symbols of a community

8 CNED- Séance découverte

9 CNED- Séance découverte

○ From 1919 to 1921

○ From 1968 to 1998

10 CNED- Séance découverte

○ Dublin and Belfast

○ Belfast and Londonderry

○ Londonderry and Ballymurphy

Sur le mur pignon d’une maison, 3 portraits et 2 blasons sont peints.

11 CNED- Séance découverte

□ also called Republicans as they wanted to join the Republic of Ireland

12 CNED- Séance découverte

 Which community is the soldier most likely to be a member of?

□ To pay a tribute to the loyalist communities

□ To ask for independence from the UK

□ To tigger a civil war

□ To dissuade Catholics from entering the Protestant neighbourhood

13 CNED- Séance découverte

Exercice 10 - Corrigé à la page 24

5 Comparing murals and graffiti

14 CNED- Séance découverte

 where you can see them

Exercice 11 - Corrigé à la page 24

15 CNED- Séance découverte

1. Artists mostly work at night ○ ○

16 CNED- Séance découverte

Un mur est recouvert de dessins, messages ou mots tagués.

17 CNED- Séance découverte

 Contrary to + nominal group, unlike + nominal group,

Un mur est recouvert de dessins, messages ou mots tagués.

5.5.1 Graffiti /grəəfiti/ n. (uncountable)

 plural of graffito, an ancient drawing or writing on a wall or other surface. (archeology)

Exercice 15 - Corrigé à la page 26

18 CNED- Séance découverte

1: Sélectionner, graffito, graffiti

2: Sélectionner, graffito, graffiti

3: Sélectionner, graffito, graffiti

4: Sélectionner, graffito, graffiti

6 End of the discovery lesson

6.1 End of the discovery lesson

You have studied vocabulary related to:

 Immigration: an undocumented immigrants, to smuggle, to cross a border

Traduction de la fin de séance

19 CNED- Séance découverte

20 CNED- Séance découverte

● At the Mexican border with the USA

Upper part Lower part

A poor, skinny man ○ ●

21 CNED- Séance découverte

○ From 1919 to 1921