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Le circuit de concassage
MUM
I
SUMMARY
A. Concasseur à Machoire
(Jaw crusher)
Mâchoire
mobile
Volant
Bielle
Mâchoire
fixe
Ressort
de rappel
Barre
de liaison
Machoire
mobile
Volant
Machoire
fixe
Ressort
de rappel
Barre
de liaison
The movable jaw is directly attached to the eccentric pivot. At its lower end,
the jaw is supported by a pivot pin moving above a toggle plate or piston
which is attached to the pivot.
The motion of the jaw shows a significant tangential component. Although
this is advantageous for moving the feed but it increases wear.
The single-toggle crusher is the simplest and lightest of the jaw crushers, but
is suitable only for producing low crushing forces.
B. Concasseur à Impact
(Impact crusher)
Plaque de
Revêtement choc
remplaçable
Chambre de
concassage
Rotor
Bar ou percuteur
Ouverture
de décharge
The feed slides through the feed chute and is hit by the impact bars,
which are firmly attached to the rotor and occupy its entire width. The
particles and fragments are thrown against the impact faces or plates,
and are then redirected to the impact bar zone.
The crusher housing is open at the bottom. The reduction ratio and the
particle size are determined by the peripheral speed of the rotor and not
by the gap between the rotor and the impact path. Reduction ratios of 20
or higher are possible.
C. Paramètres importants du concassage
* Caractéristiques du concasseur:
Taille des ouvertures de l’entrée et de la sortie (opening aperture of
feed and discharge)
Puissance et vitesse du moteur (motor power and speed)
Type de concasseur (Type of crusher)
* Caractéristiques de la matière:
Distribution granulométrique (Size distribution)
Dureté de la roche (Rock strengh)
Abrasivité de la roche (Abrasivenesse of the rock)
Humidité (moisture content)
D. Procédures Opératoires générales d’un
concasseur
Balourd
Ressort de
Support
Tamis ou grille
* Caractéristiques de la matière
- Le débit d’alimentation (Feed rate)
- La distribution de granulométrique (Size distribution)
- L’humidité (Moisture content)
- La forme des particules (Particles shape)
* Caractéristiques du cribleur
- Le type des cribleuse (Screen machine type)
- Les dimensions du cribleur (screen dimension)
- L’inclinaison du cribleur (Screen slope)
- Le mouvement du cribleur (Screen motion)
* Efficacité du criblage
Pourcentage de fins passant à travers le crible par rapport à la quantité de fins
alimentée.
E=a/b a: quantité de fins dans les passant
b: quantité de fins dans l’alimentation
Pourcentage de grossiers composant les refus.
E=100-c c: % de fins présent dans le produit
E=d/e d: quantité de grossiers dans les refus
e: quantité de refus totale
B. Paramètres
- Le débit d’alimentation (solids feed rate)
- La vitesse de rotation du trommel (rotating trommel speed)
- Le débit de l’eau de lavage (washing water feed)
- Design du laveur (Scrubber design)
Décharge
(Chute)
Rouleau de choc
(Impact Idler)
Poids
Bande en caoutchouc (Weight)
renforcée
(Rubberized belt)
Racleur en V
(V-Plough scraper)
Interrupteur de vitesse de la
bande et compteur-tours
(Belt speed switch
and Tachometer)
Interrupteur d’alignement
(Belt misalignment
switch)
Contrôleur de vitesse ou
détecteur de glissement
(Belt speed monitor or slip detector)
Détecteur de métaux
(metal detector)
Aimant
(Magnet)
The crushing section main equipment should run about 16 hours a day
and have a annual availability of 60% when considering a maintenance
schedule of 8h/week. The feed rate is 120 t/h.
The ROM (Run Of Mine) Bin has a capacity of 50 m3/h, mean 82 tonnes
(bulk density 1,64 t/m3).
An Apron feeder equipped with a VSD (Variable Speed Driver) takes the
material at the bottom of the Bin to discharge it on the vibrating grizzly.
The ROM (Run Of Mine) Bin has a capacity of 50 m3/h, mean 82 tonnes
(bulk density 1,64 t/m3).
The vibrating grizzly separates ore -178 mm with bigger rocks that
feed the primary crusher
The fines from the apron feeder, undersize from the vibrating grizzly
and the crushed ore fall on the primary discharge conveyor
WESTERN PIT
Il est préférable de réduire les gros rocks au niveau des remblais; ils
bouchent les ouvertures du grizzly et dans certain cas obligent une
concassage manuel
Material with high moisture content should not be fed, they stick on
the bin wall, do not flow properly and slip when the jaw crusher is
running
Very big rocks are better to be reduced on stockpile; they choke the
aperture of the grizzly and require sometimes to be broken manually
Tous les équipement doivent être en bon état de marche en vue
d’atteindre la production visée pour cela le calendrier de maintenance
doit être respecté
La matière est lavée dans un cylindre laveur pour enlever toutes les fines.
Les refus du trommel laveur est déchargé sur le convoyeur 22-CONV-02 qui
déverse la matière dans la trémie d’alimentation du concasseur secondaire.
The washing stage has to identical scrubbing circuits, one running and the
other one standby
The material is washed in a mineral drum scrubber to remove all the fines
The over screen falls on the 22-CONV-03 that dumps the material into the
tertiary crusher feed hoper.
The medium screen are fine enough to feed the mill; it feeds the mill feed
bin via 23-CONV-03.
The under screen are collected in the screen tank from where it is pumped
to mill discharge box.
Primary
Crushing
Process Water
156 m3/h
Splitter
22-SPLT-01 5 m3/h
Scrubber A
22-SCRB-01
94 t/h
120 t/h
22-SCRN-01 15 t/h
9 t/h
Screen opening : 30 mm To milling
Rotating speed : rpm 1st deck apertures : 10 mm
Water addition : 5m3/h 2nd deck apertures : 1 mm
Feed rate : 120 t/h To mill
2 t/h discharge
3rd Crushing
Trommel oversize
conveyor
22-CONV-02 Primary screen
intermediate conveyor
22-CONV-03
B. Exigences du procédé
Tous les équipement doivent être en bon état de marche en vue d’atteindre la
production visée pour cela les calendrier de maintenance doit être respecté.
Tous le monde doit porter les équipements de protection individuel pour être
protégé et éviter les inconforts qui peuvent conduire à des accidents.
All the equipment should be in good working condition in order to reach the
production targeted ; for this the maintenance schedule must be respected
Everybody should wear the PPE to be protected and avoid the discomforts that
can lead to accident
The secondary and tertiary crushers are impact crushers, the secondary runs in
open circuit and the tertiary run in close circuit
A bin feeder is installed head to each impact crusher to ensure consistent feed
Both crushers discharge the material on the belt conveyor 23-CONV-1 that dump
the ore on the secondary screen
The screen undersize product goes to the milling via the conveyors 23-CONV-
03&04
A Front End Loader can feed the material on the conveyor 22-CONV-04 via the
hopper 22-HOPE-03 to feed the milling section
22-CONV-03
22-CONV-02
94 t/h 15 t/h
98 t/h
Secondary and tertiary crusher 23-HOPR-03
23-CRUS-01&02 23-CONV-02
Secondary and tertiary 109 t/h
discharge crusher
23-CONV-01
23-CONV-04
Primary 118 t/h
crushing
Under screen 9 t/h
MILLING
23-CONV-03
B. Exigences du procédé
Tous les équipement doivent être en bon état de marche en vue d’atteindre la
production visée; pour cela les calendrier de maintenance doit être respecté.
Tous le monde doit porter les équipements de protection individuel pour être
protégé et éviter les inconforts qui peuvent conduire à des accidents.
All the equipment should be in good working condition in order to reach the
production targeted ; for this the maintenance schedule must be respected
Everybody should wear the PPE to be protected and avoid the discomforts that
can lead to accident
Increasing of the grain Crusher discharge aperture too width Close the
size of the crushed
products
Temperature of the
bearing is too high
Problem Cause Remedy
Vibration greatly increase While changing or assembling the Fix the mounting plate hammer
board hammer, the board hammer, again, the rotor carries on the
the rotor has not been well balanced. balance to make a correction.
Overflow superfluous materials Because of scale board or the blow Adjust interspace of force-and after
bar is too much, it is too big to cause impact rack or change liner plate
the interspace. and blow bar.
Produce beating sound within Material that cannot be broken are Clear up broken after turn off
the machine entered into the machine; machine;
Liner plate reinforce become Make sure the liner plate is tight
flexible; and the interspace between blow
Hammer or other parts become bar and liner plate;
flexible. Change a new axletree.
Exorbitant temperature for The lubrivant is too munch or too Check there is enough lubricant;
axletree less; After cleaning axletree then change
The lubrivant is not clean; new lubricant;
The axletree is mangled. Change a new axletree.
Problem Cause Remedy
Belt runs off at Counterweight too light Recalculate weight required and adjust counterweight or screw
tail pulley take-up accordingly
Idlers or pulleys out-of-square Realign and install limit switches for greater safety
with centerline of conveyor
Frozen idlers Free idlers, lubricate as required. Improve maintenance
Improper loading, spillage Feed should be in direction of belt travel and at belt speed,
centered on the belt. Control flow with feeders, chutes and skirt-
boards
Material build-up Remove accumulation. Install cleaning devices, scrapers, and
inverted “V” decking. Improve housekeeping
Belt runs off at Idlers or pulleys out-of-square Realign and install limit switches for greater safety
head pulley with centerline of conveyor
Pulley lagging worn Replace worn pulley lagging. Use grooved lagging for wet
conditions.Tighten loose and protruding bolts
Material build-up Remove accumulation. Install cleaning devices, scrapers, and
inverted “V” decking. Improve housekeeping
Idlers improperly placed Relocate idlers or insert additional idlers spaced to support belt
Problem Cause Remedy
Belt slip Insufficient traction between Increase wrap with snub pulleys. Lag drive
belt and pulley pulley. In wet conditions, use grooved lagging. Install correct cleaning
devices for safety
Counterweight too light Recalculate weight required and adjust counterweight or screw take-up
accordingly
Material build-up Remove accumulation. Install cleaning devices, scrapers, and inverted
“V” decking. Improve housekeeping
Frozen idlers Free idlers, lubricate as required. Improve maintenance
Excessive wear, Excessive impact of material Use correctly designed chutes and baffles. Make vulcanized splices.
including rips, on belt or fasteners Install impact idlers. Where possible, load fines first. Where material is
gouges, ruptures trapped under skirts, adjust skirt-boards to minimum clearance or
and tears install cushioning idlers to hold belt against skirts
Relative loading velocity too Adjust chutes or correct belt speed. Consider
high or too low the use of impact idlers
Improper loading, spillage Feed should be in direction of belt travel and at belt speed,
centered on the belt. Control flow with feeders, chutes and skirt-boards