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ºÈÏfiÏÔÁÔ˜ - ∞Ú¯·ÈÔÏfiÁÔ˜
ªÔÏʤٷ˜ ∞ÚÈÛÙÔÙ¤Ï˘
ª·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎfi˜
∂ÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹
Ì›· ÙÔ˘. ∂›Ó·È ηٿ ÙËÓ ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ·˘Ù‹˜ Ù˘ ÂÚÈfi‰Ô˘ Ô˘ ‰È·ÌÔÚÊÒÓÔÓÙ·È Ù·
¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο (·ÛÙÈÎÔÔ›ËÛË, ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈΤ˜ ‰È·ÊÔÚÔÔÈ‹ÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ Î·ÙÔ›ÎˆÓ ÎÏ)
ÙˆÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯ÒÓ ·˘ÙÒÓ, Ô˘ οÔȘ ÊÔÚ¤˜ ¤Ú¯ÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ ÚÔÛ΋ÓÈÔ Ì ‰Ú·Ì·ÙÈÎfi
ÙÚfiÔ (§·˘ÚˆÙÈο, ˘fiıÂÛË ª·ÚÈ¿Ì).
∫·ıÒ˜ ÙÔ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ Ì·˜ ‹Ù·Ó ÙÔÈο Î·È ¯ÚÔÓÈο ÂÛÙÈ·Ṳ̂ÓÔ, ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ ÎÚÈÙ‹-
ÚÈÔ ‹Ù·Ó Ë ÂÈÏÔÁ‹ ÌfiÓÔ ÌÂÁ¿ÏˆÓ ∂ÏÏËÓÈÎÒÓ ∂Á΢ÎÏԷȉÂÈÒÓ Î·È Ì¿ÏÈÛÙ· ÁÂÓÈÎÔ‡
ÂÚȯÔ̤ÓÔ˘. ªÂ ‚¿ÛË ·˘Ùfi ÙÔ ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜, Á›ÓÂÙ·È Î·Ù·ÓÔËÙfi ÁÈ·Ù› ‰ÂÓ Û˘ÌÂÚÈÂÏ‹-
ÊıËÛ·Ó ÛÙËÓ ¤Ú¢ӷ ¤Á΢Ú˜ Î·È ¤ÁÎÚÈÙ˜ ÂÁ΢ÎÏÔ·›‰ÂȘ, fiˆ˜ Ë ¢ÔÌ‹ (1969, 15
ÙfiÌÔÈ), Ë ¶¿˘ÚÔ˜-§·ÚÔ‡˜-ªÚÈÙ¿ÓÈη (1991, 63 ÙfiÌÔÈ) Î·È ¿ÏϘ (‚Ï. ¶›Ó·Î· ππ).
∆Ú›ÙÔ ÎÚÈÙ‹ÚÈÔ ˘‹ÚÍÂ Ë ÛÔ˘‰·ÈfiÙËÙ· ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Ë ÂÌ‚¤ÏÂÈ· ÙˆÓ ¤ÚÁˆÓ ·˘ÙÒÓ,
Û ÂÔ¯¤˜ Ô˘ ÔÈ ∂Á΢ÎÏÔ·›‰ÂȘ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Û·Ó ‚·ÛÈ΋ Î·È Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈ΋ ËÁ‹
ÁÂÓÈÎfiÙÂÚ˘ ÏËÚÔÊfiÚËÛ˘, ÁÓÒÛÂˆÓ Î·È Âη›‰Â˘Û˘ (·ÚΛ Ó· ı˘Ì›ÛÔ˘ÌÂ
ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ˘˜ ÙȘ ÂÚ›ÊË̘ «ÏËÚÔÊÔڛ˜» ÁÈ· ı¤Ì·Ù· Ù˘ Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ‡Ï˘,
ÛÙÔ ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎfi Î·È ÛÙÔ °˘ÌÓ¿ÛÈÔ).
∏ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ô˘ ÂÍÂÙ¿˙ÂÙ·È Â›Ó·È Ë ¡ÔÙÈÔ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈ΋ ∞ÙÙÈ΋ Ì ٷ ÁˆÁÚ·ÊÈο
fiÚÈ· Ó· ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·È ÂÚ›Ô˘ ˆ˜ ÂÍ‹˜:
√ ™·ÚˆÓÈÎfi˜, ·fi ÙÔ ·ÎÚˆÙ‹ÚÈÔ ∑ˆÛÙ‹Ú·˜ (ÙÔ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓfi ∫·‚Ô‡ÚÈ) ¤ˆ˜ ÙÔ
™Ô‡ÓÈÔ, Ô ∂˘‚Ô˚Îfi˜ ·fi ÙÔ ™Ô‡ÓÈÔ Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙȘ ˘ÒÚÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ¶ÂÓÙÂÏÈÎÔ‡ ÛÙËÓ ƒ·Ê‹-
Ó·, Ë ÏˆÊfiÚÔ˜ ª·Ú·ıÒÓÔ˜, ·fi ÙË ƒ·Ê‹Ó· ¤ˆ˜ ÙÔ ™Ù·˘Úfi Î·È Ù¤ÏÔ˜ Ô ÀÌËÙÙfi˜
̤¯ÚÈ ÙȘ ÓfiÙȘ ˘ÒÚÂȤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙÔ ·ÎÚˆÙ‹ÚÈÔ ∑ˆÛÙ‹Ú·˜. ™ÙȘ ·Ú·ı·Ï¿ÛÛȘ
ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·È Â›Û˘ Ù· ÎÔÓÙÈÓ¿ ÓËÛÈ¿, ÌÂÁ¿Ï· Î·È ÌÈÎÚ¿ (‚Ï. ÿÚ-
Ù˘ 1).
√È ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ ªÂÛfiÁÂÈ· Î·È §·˘ÚˆÙÈ΋, fiˆ˜ ÚÔ·ÙÔ˘Ó ·fi Ù· ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ·
Ï‹ÌÌ·Ù·, ‰ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó Û·Ê‹ Î·È ‰È·ÎÚÈÙ¿ fiÚÈ·. ¶ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·È, Ì¿ÏÏÔÓ ÂÌ̤ۈ˜,
·fi Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi ‰ÈÔÈÎËÙÈÎÒÓ Ú˘ıÌ›ÛÂˆÓ Î·È ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎÒÓ ‰Â‰Ô̤ӈÓ. ªÂ ÌÈ· ÌÈÎÚ‹
‰fiÛË ·˘ı·ÈÚÂÛ›·˜ ı· ÌÔÚÔ‡Û·ÌÂ, ¿ÓÙ· ̤۷ ·fi Ù· Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ӷ Ï‹ÌÌ·Ù·, Ó·
ÙȘ Ù·˘Ù›ÛÔ˘Ì Ì ٷ fiÚÈ· ÙˆÓ Ù¤ˆ˜ ‰‹ÌˆÓ ª˘ÚÚÈÓÔ‡ÓÙÔ˜, ∞Ú·Ê‹ÓÔ˜ Î·È §·˘Ú›-
Ô˘ ÙÔ˘ µ·ÛÈÏÈÎÔ‡ ¢È·Ù¿ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ 1835. ∂‰Ò Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÛËÌÂÈÒÛÔ˘Ì fiÙÈ ·fi
·˘ÙÔ‡˜ ÙÔ˘ ·Ú¯ÈÎÔ‡˜ ÙÚÂȘ ¢‹ÌÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘ 1835, Ô˘ ÙÔ 1840 ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó 2 Î·È ÙÔ 1890
ÙÚÂȘ, ÙÔ 1912 ÚԤ΢„·Ó ÔÈ 8 ∫ÔÈÓfiÙËÙ˜, ∫ÂÚ·Ù¤·˜, ∫ÔÚˆ›Ô˘, ™¿ÙˆÓ, ∫·Ï˘-
‚›ˆÓ, ∫Ô˘‚·Ú¿, ª·ÚÎÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘, §ÈÔÂÛ›Ô˘, ¶·ÏÏ‹Ó˘ Î·È Ô ¢‹ÌÔ˜ §·˘Ú›Ô˘ Ô˘
·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛ·Ó Ù· «ÚÔÏ¿ÛÌ·Ù·» ÙˆÓ 16 ¢‹ÌˆÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ 6 ∫ÔÈÓÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ ÙÔ˘ Û‹ÌÂÚ·.
∆· Ï‹ÌÌ·Ù· ÛÙ· ÔÔ›· ηٷϋͷÌÂ Î·È Ô˘ ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Ó, Ì ÙÔÓ ¤Ó· ‹ ÙÔÓ ¿ÏÏÔ
ÙÚfiÔ, ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹, Â›Ó·È ÂÚ›Ô˘ 225 Î·È ·ÓÙÏ‹ıËÎ·Ó ·fi ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ ‚È‚ÏÈÔ-
ÁÚ·ÊÈΤ˜ ËÁ¤˜, ·Ï·È¤˜ Î·È ÓÂfiÙÂÚ˜ (‚Ï. µÈ‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›·). ∂Ó‰ÂÈÎÙÈο ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂ-
Ù·È fiÙÈ ˆ˜ ¤Ó· Ï‹ÌÌ· ıˆÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È Ù· «∫·Ì¿ÚÈ˙· / ÕÁÈÔ˜ ∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˜», ‹ Ù·
«ª·ÎÚfiÓËÛÔ˜ / ¡‹ÛÔ˜ ∂ϤÓ˘/¡‹ÛÔ˜ ∫Ô˘ÚÔ‡Ó·», Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È ÛÙȘ ÂÁ΢-
ÎÏÔ·›‰ÂȘ Ì ÙȘ ÂÓ·ÏÏ·ÎÙÈΤ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÔÓÔ̷ۛ˜.
∆· Ï‹ÌÌ·Ù· ¯ˆÚ›ÛÙËÎ·Ó Û ٤ÛÛÂÚȘ ÌÂÁ¿Ï˜ ηÙËÁÔڛ˜. ™ÙËÓ ÚÒÙË ÂÚÈ-
Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·È ·˘Ù¿ Ô˘ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔÓÙ·È ÛÙȘ ¢ڇÙÂÚ˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ Ù˘ §·˘ÚˆÙÈ΋˜
Î·È ÙˆÓ ªÂÛÔÁ›ˆÓ. ™ÙËÓ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚË ÂÓÙ¿ÛÛÔÓÙ·È ÔÈ ÛËÌÂÚÈÓÔ› ‰‹ÌÔÈ Î·È ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ˜
ÙˆÓ ÂÓ ÏfiÁˆ ÂÚÈÔ¯ÒÓ, Î·È ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Ó ÛÙ· ·ÚÈ· ÙÔˆÓ‡ÌÈ·. ∏ ÙÚ›ÙË Î·ÙËÁÔÚ›·
ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ fiÏ· Ù· ˘fiÏÔÈ·, ‰Â˘ÙÂÚ‡ÔÓÙ· ÙÔˆÓ‡ÌÈ·, ÔÈÎÈÛÌÔ‡˜, ÚfiÛˆ·,
ÁˆÁÚ·ÊÈο ÛÙÔȯ›· Î·È ÁÂÁÔÓfiÙ· Ì ÛÔ˘‰·ÈfiÙËÙ· Î·È ÛËÌ·Û›· Ù¤ÙÔÈ· Ô˘ Ó·
‰ÈηÈÔÏÔÁ› ÙËÓ ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¿ ÛÙËÓ ÂÁ΢ÎÏÔ·›‰ÂÈ·. ™ÙËÓ Ù¤Ù·ÚÙË, Ù¤ÏÔ˜, ηÙËÁÔÚ›·
ÂÓÙ¿ÛÛÔÓÙ·È Ï‹ÌÌ·Ù· ÁÂÓÈÎfiÙÂÚÔ˘ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓÙÔ˜ Ô˘ fï˜ ÂÌ̤ۈ˜ Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÔÓÙ·È
Î·È ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔÓÙ·È Î·È ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ (·ÚÁ˘ÚÔ¯Ô˝·, ÌÂÙ·ÚÚ˘ıÌ›ÛÂȘ ™fiψӷ, ¶ÂÏÔ-
ÔÓÓËÛÈ·Îfi˜ fiÏÂÌÔ˜ ÎÏ).
∏ §∞Àƒ∂ø∆π∫∏ ∫∞π ∆∞ ª∂™√°Eπ∞ ø™ §∏ªª∞∆∞ ∆ø¡ ∂§§. ∂°∫À∫§√¶∞π¢∂πø¡ 223
§ÂÍÈÎÔÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ ŒÚ¢ӷ
¶ÂÚȯfiÌÂÓÔ
ÈÛÙÔÚ›· Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜, ·ÏÏ¿ fi¯È Î·È Ë ÓÂÒÙÂÚË, fiˆ˜ Î·È Ë ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌ›· ÙÔ˘ ÌÂÛÔÔ-
ϤÌÔ˘ Î·È Ë ·Ì¤Ûˆ˜ ÌÂÙ·ÔÏÂÌÈ΋. ¶ÏËÚfiÙËÙ· ÂÈϤÔÓ ¤¯Ô˘ÌÂ Î·È ÛÙ· ÛÙÔȯ›·
Ô˘ ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Ó ÛÙÔÓ ÏËı˘ÛÌfi, ÛÙËÓ ·fiÛÙ·ÛË ·fi ÙËÓ ∞ı‹Ó· Î·È ÛÙÔ ˘„fiÌÂÙÚÔ,
ÂÓÒ ÏÂ›Ô˘Ó ÔÏÏ¿ ÛÙÔȯ›· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ΋ ˙ˆ‹ ÙˆÓ Î·ÙÔ›ÎˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ÙfiÔ˘.
∞fi ÙË ÌÂϤÙË ÙˆÓ ÏËÌÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÙˆÓ ·Ú¯·›ˆÓ ‰‹ÌˆÓ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Î·È ÙˆÓ ‚ÈÔ-
ÁÚ·ÊÈÎÒÓ ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎÒÓ ÚÔÛÒˆÓ Ù˘ ·Ú¯·›·˜ ∞ı‹Ó·˜, ÚÔ·ÙÂÈ ÌÈ·
Ôχ ·ÍÈfiÏÔÁË Û˘ÏÏÔÁ‹ «Û˘Ó‰ËÌÔÙÒÓ» Ì·˜ Ô˘ ÂÏ¿ÌÚ˘Ó·Ó, ‹ ÛËÌ¿‰Â„·Ó ÙËÓ
·Ú¯·›· ÈÛÙÔÚ›·, ‹ ·ÏÒ˜ ‰È·ÛÒıËÎ·Ó ÛÙËÓ ·Ú¯·›· ÂÏÏËÓÈ΋ ÁÚ·ÌÌ·Ù›· ˆ˜ ÔÓfi-
Ì·Ù·. ™ÙÔÓ ›Ó·Î· πππ Ô˘ ·Ú·Ù›ıÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ·Ú¿ÚÙËÌ· ÌÔÚ›Ù ӷ ‰Â›ÙÂ Û˘ÁÎÂ-
ÓÙڈ̤ÓÔ˘˜ ÔÏÏÔ‡˜ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ·Ú¯·›Ô˘˜ ·˘ÙÔ‡˜ «Û˘Ó‰ËÌfiÙ˜» Ì·˜. ∂‰Ò ·Í›˙ÂÈ Ó·
ÛËÌÂȈı› fiÙÈ ÛÙËÓ ÂÁ΢ÎÏÔ·›‰ÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ÿÚË ¶¿ÙÛË (Ù. 10) ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÔÏfiÎÏËÚÔ˜ Ô
ηٿÏÔÁÔ˜ Î·È ÙˆÓ 174 ÁÓˆÛÙÒÓ ·Ú¯·›ˆÓ ‰‹ÌˆÓ Ù˘ ∞ı‹Ó·˜. °È· ÏfiÁÔ˘˜ ÛÙ·ÙÈ-
ÛÙÈ΋˜ Û·˜ ÙÔÓ›˙Ô˘Ì fiÙÈ ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· 20 ¿ÓÙÚ˜ Ôϛ٘ ÙˆÓ ·Ú¯·›ˆÓ ‰‹ÌˆÓ ηÈ
ÁÈ· ÌÈ· Á˘Ó·›Î·. ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ÙËÓ º‡Ë (‚Ï. ¶·Ú¿ÚÙËÌ· ππ), Ô˘ Ë Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ Ù˘
ÛÙȘ «Î·ÙÂÚÁ·ÚȤ˜» ÙÔ˘ ¶ÂÈÛ›ÛÙÚ·ÙÔ˘ Ù˘ ÂÍ·ÛÊ¿ÏÈÛ ÙËÓ ·ÈÒÓÈ· «Ê‹ÌË». ¶¤Ú·
·fi ÙÔ ·ÓÂΉÔÙÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ, Ë ‡·ÚÍË Û¯ÂÙÈÎÔ‡ Ï‹ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÛÙËÓ ª∂∂ ηÈ
ÙÔÓ ∏§π√ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÌÈ· ÈÛ¯˘Ú‹ ¤Ó‰ÂÈÍË ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÏËÚfiÙËÙ¿ ÙÔ˘˜, ‰Â‰Ô̤ÓÔ˘ fiÙÈ
‰‡ÛÎÔÏ· ··ÓÙ¿Ù·È Û ¿ÏϘ ÓÂfiÙÂÚ˜ ÂÁ΢ÎÏÔ·›‰ÂȘ.
∂›ÏÔÁÔ˜
fiˆ˜ ÚÔ·ÙÂÈ ·fi ÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË ÙˆÓ ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÏËÌÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ì·˜. £· ·Ó·Ê¤-
ÚÔ˘Ì ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο Î·È ¯¿ÚÈÓ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘, ÌfiÓÔ ÙÔ ·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ· ÙˆÓ
·ÔÛÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ ÙˆÓ ¯ˆÚÈÒÓ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ·fi ÙÔ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ Ù˘ ∞ı‹Ó·˜, fiˆ˜ ·Ó·Ê¤-
ÚÂÙ·È Î·È Ì¿ÏÈÛÙ· ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚÈṲ̂ÓË Û ÒÚ˜, ÛÙËÓ ÂÁ΢ÎÏÔ·›‰ÂÈ· ÙˆÓ ª·ÚÙ-
ÛÚÛÙ Ù˘ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›·˜ ‰ÂηÂÙ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ 19Ô˘ ·ÈÒÓ·. °ÓˆÚ›˙Ô˘Ì fiÙÈ ÂΛÓË ÙËÓ ÂÔ¯‹
ÔÈ ¿ÓıÚˆÔÈ Î·È Ù· ·Á·ı¿ ÌÂٷʤÚÔÓÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ∞ÙÙÈ΋, ÛÙËÓ ÍËÚ¿, fiˆ˜ Î·È Î·Ù¿
ÙÔ˘˜ ·Ú¯·›Ô˘˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘˜, Ì ˘Ô˙‡ÁÈ· ÏfiÁˆ ¤ÏÏÂȄ˘ ‰ÚfïÓ. ∂›Û˘ ÁÓˆÚ›˙Ô˘ÌÂ
fiÙÈ ÔÈ ¿ÓıÚˆÔÈ Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙËÓ ‰È¿ÓÔÈÍË ÙˆÓ Ó¤ˆÓ ‰ÚfiÌˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ‚’ ÌÈÛÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ 20Ô‡ ·ÈÒÓ·
¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡Û·Ó ÙÔ˘˜ ›‰ÈÔ˘˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘˜ Ô˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡Û·Ó Î·È Î·Ù¿ ÙÔ˘˜
·Ú¯·›Ô˘˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘˜. ŒÙÛÈ ÏÔÈfiÓ ÓÔÌÈÌÔÔÈԇ̷ÛÙ ӷ ԇ̠fiÙÈ ÔÈ ¯ÚÔÓÈΤ˜ ·Ô-
ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ Ô˘ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔÓÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÂÁ΢ÎÏÔ·›‰ÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ 19Ô˘ ·ÈÒÓ· ·ÓÙÈÛÙÔÈ¯Ô‡Ó Î·È
ÛÙȘ ·ÔÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ ηٿ ÙÔ˘˜ ·Ú¯·›Ô˘˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘˜.
∆¤ÏÔ˜ ı· ¤Ú ӷ ÌÈÏ‹ÛÔ˘ÌÂ Î·È ÁÈ· οÔȘ «·Û‹Ì·ÓÙ˜» ÏËÚÔÊÔڛ˜ Ô˘
Û˘Ó·ÓÙ‹Û·Ì ÌÂÚÈΤ˜ ÊÔÚ¤˜. °È· ·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ· ÌÔÚԇ̠ӷ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔ˘Ì ÙËÓ ÂÚ›-
ÙˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ÛÔ˘‰·›Ô˘ ÂΉfiÙË ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ˘ ¢ËÌËÙÚ¿ÎÔ˘, ÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô Û˘Ó·ÓÙ‹Û·Ì ˆ˜
ȉÈÔÎÙ‹ÙË ‚È‚ÏÈԈϛԢ ÛÙȘ ·Ú¯¤˜ ÙÔ˘ ·ÈÒÓ· ÛÙÔ §·‡ÚÈÔ (ÿÚË ¶¿ÙÛË). ∂›Û˘
ÛÙÔ §ÂÍÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ µÔ˘Ù˘Ú¿ ÔÈ «ÀÂÚ‚fiÚÂÈÔÈ» ÛÙ¤ÏÓÔ˘Ó ÙȘ ÚÔÛÊÔÚ¤˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ
ıÂfi ∞fiÏψӷ ÛÙËÓ ¢‹ÏÔ, ̤ۈ ÙÔ˘ ÏÈÌ·ÓÈÔ‡ ÛÙȘ ¶Ú·ÛȤ˜.
∫¿ÔÈ· ‰Â˘ÙÂÚ‡ÔÓÙ· ÙÔˆÓ‡ÌÈ· ıˆڋıËÎ·Ó ›Ûˆ˜ «·Û‹Ì·ÓÙ·» Î·È ·ÔÛȈ-
‹ıËηÓ. Ÿˆ˜ ÙÔ fiÚÔ˜ ¢ÈfiÓ˘ÛÔ˜, ‹ ÙÔ ∫›ÙÛÈ Î·È ÙÔ ¶·Û·ÏÈÌ¿ÓÈ. ◊ fiˆ˜ ÔÏÏ¿
ÙÔˆÓ‡ÌÈ·, ‹ÛÛÔÓÔ˜ ‚¤‚·È· ÛËÌ·Û›·˜, Ô˘ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔÓÙ·È ÔÏϤ˜ ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÛÙÔ ÂÚÈÂ-
¯fiÌÂÓÔ ÙÚ›ÙˆÓ. ∏ ∫¿ÓÙ˙·, .¯., Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ ‰ÂÓ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ˆ˜ ·˘ÙfiÓÔÌÔ Ï‹ÌÌ·, ·ÏÏ¿
ÌÂÚÈΤ˜ ÊÔÚ¤˜ Û˘Ó·ÓÙ¿Ù·È ÛÙËÓ ¶·ÏÏ‹ÓË.
™˘ÌÂÚ¿ÛÌ·Ù·
∞’ fiÛ· ÂÎÙ¤ıËÎ·Ó Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙÒÚ· ÌÔÚ› ηÓ›˜ Ó· ηٷϋÍÂÈ ÛÙ· ·Ú·Î¿Ùˆ
Û˘ÌÂÚ¿ÛÌ·Ù·:
1. ∂›Ó·È ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ fiÙÈ Ù· ªÂÛfiÁÂÈ· Î·È Ë §·˘ÚˆÙÈ΋ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È Ì ¿Ú-
ÎÂÈ· ÛÙȘ ∂Á΢ÎÏÔ·›‰ÂȘ Ô˘ ÂÍÂÙ¿Û·ÌÂ. øÛÙfiÛÔ, η̛·, ÂÎÙfi˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ª∂∂
‰ÂÓ Û˘ÌÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ÙÔ Û‡ÓÔÏÔ ÙˆÓ ‰È·ı¤ÛÈÌˆÓ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈÒÓ
(ÂÓÓÔÂ›Ù·È Û ۯ¤ÛË Î·È Ì ÙË ¯ÚÔÓÈ΋ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô Î·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ÔÔ›· Û˘ÁÁÚ¿ÊÔÓÙ·È).
2. ªÔÚԇ̠ӷ ‰È·ÎÚ›ÓÔ˘Ì ‰‡Ô ¯ÚÔÓÈΤ˜ Ê¿ÛÂȘ ÛÙËÓ ÂÓ·Û¯fiÏËÛË ·˘ÙÒÓ
ÙˆÓ ∂Á΢ÎÏԷȉÂÈÒÓ Ì ٷ ÙÔÈο ı¤Ì·Ù· Î·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· Ì ÙË §·˘ÚˆÙÈ΋ ηÈ
Ù· ªÂÛfiÁÂÈ·. ∫·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ÚÒÙË Ê¿ÛË (1869 -1933), Ô fiÁÎÔ˜ Î·È Ë ÔÈfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ
ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈÒÓ ·˘Í¿ÓÔÓÙ·È, Ì ·ÔÎÔڇʈ̷ ÙËÓ ª∂∂, fiÔ˘ ‰È·ÎÚ›ÓÔ˘Ì ÙË
ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚË ‰˘Ó·Ù‹ ÏËÚfiÙËÙ· Î·È Ô˘ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÙËÓ ÎÔÚ˘Ê·›· ÛÙÈÁÌ‹ ÙˆÓ ÂÏÏËÓÈ-
ÎÒÓ ÂÁ΢ÎÏԷȉÂÈÒÓ.
∫·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ÂfiÌÂÓË Ê¿ÛË (1933-1975) ÙfiÛÔ Ô fiÁÎÔ˜ fiÛÔ Î·È Ë ÔÈfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ
∏ §∞Àƒ∂ø∆π∫∏ ∫∞π ∆∞ ª∂™√°Eπ∞ ø™ §∏ªª∞∆∞ ∆ø¡ ∂§§. ∂°∫À∫§√¶∞π¢∂πø¡ 229
µπµ§π√°ƒ∞ºπ∞
Lepsius R., °ÂˆÏÔÁ›· Ù˘ ∞ÙÙÈ΋˜, ∞ı‹Ó·È 1906, µÈ‚ÏÈÔı‹ÎË ª·Ú·ÛÏ‹ (ªÂÙ¿ÊÚ·ÛË ¶. µÔ˘-
ÁÈԇη˜).
¡¤˙˘ ¡. ∆· ‚Ô˘Ó¿ Ù˘ ∞ÙÙÈ΋˜, ∞ı‹Ó· 2002, ∂√√∞-∞¡∞µ∞™∏.
¶·Û·ÁÈ¿ÓÓ˘ ∫., ∞ÙÙÈÎÔ› ¶ÂÚ›·ÙÔÈ, ∞ı‹Ó·È 1922.
¶·˘Û·Ó›Ô˘ ∂ÏÏ¿‰Ô˜ ¶ÂÚÈ‹ÁËÛȘ, ∞ı‹Ó· 1974, ∂ΉÔÙÈ΋ ∞ıËÓÒÓ, ∂È̤ÏÂÈ· ¡.¢. ¶··¯·Ù˙‹.
√ ∫Ò‰ÈÍ ÙÔ˘ ¡ÔÙ·Ú›Ô˘ ∞ıËÓÒÓ ¶·Ó·Á‹ ¶Ô‡ÏÔ˘ 1822-183, ∞ı‹Ó·È 1957, ¡ÔÌÈ΋ ™¯ÔÏ‹ ∞ıËÓÒÓ,
∂È̤ÏÂÈ· °. ¶ÂÙÚfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜.
ƒÒÌ·˜ ÃÚ›ÛÙÔ˜ °., ∏ ∫ÂÚ·Ù¤· Ù˘ ∞ÙÙÈ΋˜, ∫ÂÚ·Ù¤· 1987, ÃÚ˘Û‹ ∆ÔÌ‹.
§ÂÍÈÎfiÓ ™√À¢∞, ∞ı‹Ó·, °ÂˆÚÁÈ¿‰Ë˜ (∞Ó·Ù‡ˆÛË Ù˘ ¤Î‰ÔÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ 1854).
™Ô˘ÚÌÂÏ‹˜ ¢., ∞ÙÙÈο, ∞ı‹Ó·È 1869.
™ÙÚ¿‚ˆÓÔ˜ °ÂˆÁÚ·ÊÈο, ∂Ó ∞ı‹Ó·È˜ 1965, ¶¿˘ÚÔ˜.
™ÙÚ·ÙÔÎfiÔ˜ ÃÚ‹ÛÙÔ˜, ∏ ∫ÂÚ·Ù·›· Ù˘ ∞ÙÙÈ΋˜, ∫ÂÚ·Ù·›· 1924.
™ÙÚ·ÙÔÎfiÔ˜ ÃÚ‹ÛÙÔ˜, ∏ ∫ÂÚ·Ù·›· Ù˘ ∞ÙÙÈ΋˜, ∫ÂÚ·Ù¤· 1997, ÃÚ˘Û‹ ∆ÔÌ‹ (·Ó·Ù‡ˆÛË).
ÃÔ˘ÏÈ·Ú¿Î˘ ªÈ¯·‹Ï, °ÂˆÁÚ·ÊÈ΋, ¢ÈÔÈÎËÙÈ΋ Î·È ÏËı˘ÛÌȷ΋ ÂͤÏÈÍȘ Ù˘ ∂ÏÏ¿‰Ô˜ 1821-
1971, ∞ı‹Ó·È 1973.
SUMMARY
The article deals with the area of Laurion and Mesogeia as it is presented in
eight Greek Encyclopedias, published from 1870-1970. The idea is that the
Encyclopedias reflect the importance of a place within a given period of time.
There have been examined about 225 different entries, classified in three
categories, according to their relation to the area. The first category refers to the
broader areas, the second to the territories of the actual Municipalities, the third
to geographical names, names of persons and facts with some importance. The
material has been examined both on the morphological level (language, extent of
the entry, authors, sources, accompanying pictures etc.) and on the level of the
content (quality and accuracy of the information provided, eliminated topics etc.).
The conclusions drawn refer to the diachronic value, the reliability and the
importance of the Encyclopaedias, taking into account the period in which they
were published.
∏ §∞Àƒ∂ø∆π∫∏ ∫∞π ∆∞ ª∂™√°Eπ∞ ø™ §∏ªª∞∆∞ ∆ø¡ ∂§§. ∂°∫À∫§√¶∞π¢∂πø¡ 231
¶∞ƒ∞ƒ∆∏ª∞ π
∂ÈÎfiÓ˜ Î·È Û¯¤‰È·
¶∞ƒ∞ƒ∆∏ª∞ ππ
¢Â›ÁÌ·Ù· ÁÚ·Ê‹˜ Î·È ÁÏÒÛÛ·˜
∏ §∞Àƒ∂ø∆π∫∏ ∫∞π ∆∞ ª∂™√°Eπ∞ ø™ §∏ªª∞∆∞ ∆ø¡ ∂§§. ∂°∫À∫§√¶∞π¢∂πø¡ 235