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°ã °˘ÌÓ·Û›Ô˘
∫¿ı ÁÓ‹ÛÈÔ ·ÓÙ›ÁÚ·ÊÔ Ê¤ÚÂÈ ÙË ÛÊÚ·Á›‰· ÙˆÓ ÂΉfiÛÂˆÓ μO§O¡∞∫∏
∂∫¢√™∂π™
μ√§√¡∞∫∏
ISBN 978-960-381-379-8
∫ÂÛÛfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜ ªÈ¯¿Ï˘
∂Îı¤ÛÂȘ
°ã °˘ÌÓ·Û›Ô˘
5
Δ
Ô Ì¿ıËÌ· Ù˘ ¤ÎıÂÛ˘ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ÔÚÈṲ̂Ó˜
‰È·ÊÔÚ¤˜ Î·È È‰È·ÈÙÂÚfiÙËÙ˜ Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ٷ
˘fiÏÔÈ· Ì·ı‹Ì·Ù·. À¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó Û’ ·˘Ùfi οÔÈ·
ÛÙÔȯ›· Ô˘ ÙÔ ‰È·ÊÔÚÔÔÈÔ‡Ó Î·È ÙÔ Î¿ÓÔ˘Ó Í¯ˆÚÈ-
ÛÙfi. ªÈ· ‚·ÛÈ΋ ·Ú¿ÌÂÙÚfi˜ ÙÔ˘ Â›Ó·È fiÙÈ ÂÈÙÚ¤ÂÈ
ÙËÓ ÂχıÂÚË ÛΤ„Ë Î·È ÙË ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· ·fi ÙËÓ ÏÂ˘Ú¿
ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ. ΔÔ ‚È‚Ï›Ô ·˘Ùfi ‰Â ÛÙԯ‡ÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ·ÚÔ-
¯‹ ¤ÙÔÈÌˆÓ Ï‡ÛˆÓ. ºÈÏÔ‰ÔÍ› Ó· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÂÈ ·ÊÔÚÌ‹,
ÒÛÙ ӷ ÚÔ¿ÁÂÈ ÙËÓ ÎÚÈÙÈ΋ ÛΤ„Ë ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ Î·È
Ó· ÙÔ˘˜ ‚ÔËı‹ÛÂÈ Ó· ÂÎÊÚ·ÛÙÔ‡Ó ˆ˜ ͯˆÚÈÛÙ¤˜
ÚÔÛˆÈÎfiÙËÙ˜.
ªÈ¯¿Ï˘ ∫ÂÛÛfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜
7
¶ÂÚȯfiÌÂÓ·
¶ÚfiÏÔÁÔ˜ ....................................................................................... 7
∏ ·Ú¿ÁÚ·ÊÔ˜ ............................................................................ 11
¢ÔÌ‹ Ù˘ ·Ú·ÁÚ¿ÊÔ˘ ................................................................ 12
ΔÚfiÔÈ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ ·Ú·ÁÚ¿ÊÔ˘ ................................................. 27
∞Û΋ÛÂȘ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÙÚfiÔ˘˜ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ ·Ú·ÁÚ¿ÊˆÓ ................... 36
°ÓˆÚ›ÛÌ·Ù· ÌÈ·˜ ηϋ˜ ·Ú·ÁÚ¿ÊÔ˘ ........................................ 41
∏ Û˘ÓÔ¯‹ Ù˘ ·Ú·ÁÚ¿ÊÔ˘ ......................................................... 43
Δ· ›‰Ë ÙˆÓ ·Ú·ÁÚ¿ÊˆÓ ............................................................ 45
∞Û΋ÛÂȘ ....................................................................................... 51
¶ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë ...................................................................................... 55
EÓfiÙËÙ· 1 ................................................................................... 61
¶·Ú·ı¤Ì·Ù· Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙËÓ 1Ë ∂ÓfiÙËÙ· .................................... 69
EÓfiÙËÙ· 2 .................................................................................... 75
¶·Ú·ı¤Ì·Ù· Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙËÓ 2Ë ∂ÓfiÙËÙ· .................................... 82
EÓfiÙËÙ· 3 .................................................................................... 99
¶·Ú·ı¤Ì·Ù· Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙËÓ 3Ë ∂ÓfiÙËÙ· .................................. 107
10
∏ ·Ú¿ÁÚ·ÊÔ˜
∏ ·Ú¿ÁÚ·ÊÔ˜
11
∏ ·Ú¿ÁÚ·ÊÔ˜ ¢Oª∏ Δ∏™ ¶∞ƒ∞°ƒ∞ºOÀ
∫¿ı ·Ú¿ÁÚ·ÊÔ˜ ÁÈ· Ó· Â›Ó·È ÔÏÔÎÏËڈ̤ÓË ı· Ú¤ÂÈ
Ó· ·ÔÙÂÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi Ù· ÂÍ‹˜ ̤ÚË:
∞) ΔË ıÂÌ·ÙÈ΋ ÚfiÙ·ÛË;
μ) ΔȘ ÏÂÙÔ̤ÚÂȘ ‹ Û¯fiÏÈ·
°) ΔËÓ Î·Ù·ÎÏ›‰·
∞. £∂ª∞Δπ∫∏ ¶ƒOΔ∞™∏
μ. §∂¶ΔOª∂ƒ∂π∂™ ◊ ™ÃO§π∞
°. ∫∞Δ∞∫§∂π¢∞
16
∞™∫∏™∂π™ ™Δ∏ ¢Oª∏ Δ∏™ ¶∞ƒ∞°ƒ∞ºOÀ ∏ ·Ú¿ÁÚ·ÊÔ˜
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∏ ·Ú¿ÁÚ·ÊÔ˜ 3. ªÂ ÙÔÓ ›‰ÈÔ ÙÚfiÔ Û¯ËÌ·Ù›ÛÙ ·Ú¿ÁÚ·ÊÔ Ì ÙËÓ ·-
ڷοو ıÂÌ·ÙÈ΋ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô:
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°. Δ· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Ù˘ ÁÂÚÌ·ÓÈ΋˜ ηÙÔ¯‹˜ ‹Ù·Ó ‰‡ÛÎÔÏ· ÁÈ· ∏ ·Ú¿ÁÚ·ÊÔ˜
ÙÔÓ ÂÏÏËÓÈÎfi Ï·fi. OÈ °ÂÚÌ·ÓÔ› ¤ٷÛÛ·Ó Ù· ·Ú·ÁfiÌÂÓ·
ÙÚfiÊÈÌ· ÛÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰· Î·È Ù· ¤ÛÙÂÏÓ·Ó ÛÙË °ÂÚÌ·Ó›·. ™˘Ó·Îfi-
ÏÔ˘ıÔ ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ‹Ù·Ó Ó· ÂÌÊ·ÓÈÛÙ› Úfi‚ÏËÌ· Û›ÙÈÛ˘ ÁÈ·
ÙÔ˘˜ ŒÏÏËÓ˜. ÃÈÏÈ¿‰Â˜ Û˘Ì·ÙÚÈÒÙ˜ Ì·˜ ¤ı·ÈÓ·Ó ÂÍ·ÈÙ›·˜
Ù˘ ¤ÏÏÂȄ˘ ÙÚÔʛ̈Ó. °È· Ó· ÍÂÂÚ·ÛÙ› Ë ‰‡ÛÎÔÏË ·˘Ù‹
ηٿÛÙ·ÛË ‰ÈÔÚÁ·ÓÒıËÎ·Ó Û˘ÛÛ›ÙÈ·, fiÔ˘ ۯ‰fiÓ Û ηıË-
ÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ‚¿ÛË ‰ÈÓfiÙ·Ó ÌÈÎÚ¤˜ ÔÛfiÙËÙ˜ ÙÚÔÊ›ÌˆÓ Û ¿ÛÈÙÔ˘˜
Û˘Ì·ÙÚÈÒÙ˜ Ì·˜. O ÊfiÚÔ˜ ·›Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÙˆÓ ∂ÏÏ‹ÓˆÓ Î·Ù¿ ÙË
ÁÂÚÌ·ÓÈ΋ ηÙÔ¯‹ ‹Ù·Ó ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ˜.
™ÎÔÔ›
i) ¶ÔȘ Â›Ó·È ÔÈ Â˘ı‡Ó˜ ÙÔ˘ ηıËÁËÙ‹ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎÔÔ›-
ËÛË ÙˆÓ Ó¤ˆÓ;
ii) ¶ÔÈ· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Â›Ó·È Ë Ì¤ÚÈÌÓ· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÓÂ˘Ì·ÙÈ΋ ·Ó¿Ù˘-
ÍË ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ;
iii) ¶ÔÈ· Â›Ó·È Ë Â˘ı‡ÓË ÙÔ˘ ηıËÁËÙ‹ ÁÈ· Ù· ·ÚÓËÙÈο ÚfiÙ˘-
· Ù˘ ÙËÏÂfiÚ·Û˘;
iv) ¶ÔÈ· Â›Ó·È Ë ÚÔÛÊÔÚ¿ ÙÔ˘ ηıËÁËÙ‹ ÛÙÔ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎfi Û‡ÓÔ-
ÏÔ;
v) ¶ÔȘ Â›Ó·È ÔÈ Û¯¤ÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ Î·ıËÁËÙÒÓ Ì ¿ÏÏ· ·ÁÁ¤ÏÌ·-
Ù·;
vi) ¶ÔÈ· Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓ· ̤۷ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ‚ÔËı‹ÛÔ˘Ó ÛÙËÓ Î·Ï‡-
ÙÂÚË ÂÍ¿ÛÎËÛË ÙÔ˘ ·ÁÁ¤ÏÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ηıËÁËÙ‹;
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∏ ·Ú¿ÁÚ·ÊÔ˜ .................................................................................................
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22 .................................................................................................
7. ·. ¡· ¯ˆÚ›ÛÂÙ ÙÔ ·Ú·Î¿Ùˆ ΛÌÂÓÔ Û ·Ú·ÁÚ¿- ∏ ·Ú¿ÁÚ·ÊÔ˜
ÊÔ˘˜ Î·È Ó· ‰ÒÛÂÙ ·fi ¤Ó·Ó Ï·ÁÈfiÙÈÙÏÔ Û οıÂ
Ì›· ·fi ·˘Ù¤˜.
26
ΔƒO¶Oπ ∞¡∞¶ΔÀ•∏™ ¶∞ƒ∞°ƒ∞ºOÀ ∏ ·Ú¿ÁÚ·ÊÔ˜
∞ . ¶∞ƒ∞¢∂π°ª∞Δ∞
μ. ™À°∫ƒπ™∏ – ∞¡Δπ£∂™∏
30
¢. Oƒπ™ªO™ ∏ ·Ú¿ÁÚ·ÊÔ˜
31
∏ ·Ú¿ÁÚ·ÊÔ˜ ∂. ¢π∞πƒ∂™∏
∑. ∞¡∞§O°π∞
∏. ™À¡¢À∞™ªO™ ª∂£O¢ø¡
35
∏ ·Ú¿ÁÚ·ÊÔ˜ ∞™∫∏™∂π™ ™ΔOÀ™ ΔƒO¶OÀ™ ∞¡∞¶ΔÀ•∏™
¶∞ƒ∞°ƒ∞ºø¡
1. ªÂ ‚¿ÛË ÙȘ ·Ú·Î¿Ùˆ ıÂÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂȘ Ó· ‰ËÌÈ-
Ô˘ÚÁ‹ÛÂÙ ·Ú·ÁÚ¿ÊÔ˘˜ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÒÓÙ·˜ οı ÊÔ-
Ú¿ Î·È ÙËÓ ÚÔÙÂÈÓfiÌÂÓË Ì¤ıÔ‰Ô.
∞. ¶∞ƒ∞¢∂π°ª∞Δ∞
μ. ™À°∫ƒπ™∏ – ∞¡Δπ£∂™∏
°. ∞πΔπO§O°∏™∏
∂. ¢π∞πƒ∂™∏
∑. ∞¡∞§O°π∞
42
∏ ™À¡OÃ∏ Δ∏™ ¶∞ƒ∞°ƒ∞ºOÀ ∏ ·Ú¿ÁÚ·ÊÔ˜
ΔÈ Â›Ó·È Ë Û˘ÓÔ¯‹;
44
Δ∞ ∂π¢∏ Δø¡ ¶∞ƒ∞°ƒ∞ºø¡ ∏ ·Ú¿ÁÚ·ÊÔ˜
·) ∏ ¶∂ƒπ°ƒ∞ºπ∫∏ ¶∞ƒ∞°ƒ∞ºO™
ΔÈ Â›Ó·È Ë ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹
→ ¶ÚÔÛÔ¯‹:
ñ ∂ÈϤÁÔ˘Ì ÙȘ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈΤ˜ Î·È ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈΤ˜ ηٿ ÙËÓ
¿Ô„‹ Ì·˜, ÏÂÙÔ̤ÚÂȘ ÙÔ˘ «·ÓÙÈÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘», Ù· ·ÚÈ·
ÁÓˆÚ›ÛÌ·Ù¿ ÙÔ˘, Ô˘ ı· ‚ÔËı‹ÛÔ˘Ó ÙÔÓ ·Ô‰¤ÎÙË Ó· Û¯Ë-
Ì·Ù›ÛÂÈ ÌÈ· Û·Ê‹ ÂÈÎfiÓ· ÁÈ’ ·˘Ùfi.
ñ Δ·ÍÈÓÔÌÔ‡ÌÂ Î·È ÈÂڷگԇ̠ÙȘ ÏÂÙÔ̤ÚÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ÂÈϤͷÌÂ.
ÕÏϘ ÙȘ ÙÔÓ›˙Ô˘ÌÂ, ¿ÏϘ fi¯È, ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Ì ÙÔ ÛÎÔfi Ì·˜.
ñ OÚÁ·ÓÒÓÔ˘Ì ÙÔ ˘ÏÈÎfi Ì·˜:
– ÏÔÁÈο: ·fi Ù· ÁÂÓÈο ÛÙ· ÂȉÈο, ·fi ÙÔ fiÏÔ ÛÙ· ̤ÚË.
·fi Ù· ÂȉÈο ÛÙ· ÁÂÓÈο, ·fi Ù· ÂȉÈο ÛÙ· ÂȉÈο.
– ÙÔÈο: ·fi ̤۷ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ¤Íˆ, ·fi Ì·ÎÚÈ¿ ÎÔÓÙ¿, ·fi ¿-
Óˆ, ÚÔ˜ Ù· οو.
47
∏ ·Ú¿ÁÚ·ÊÔ˜ ¶∞ƒ∞¢∂π°ª∞Δ∞ ¶∂ƒπ°ƒ∞ºπ∫ø¡
¶∞ƒ∞°ƒ∞ºø¡
·. ¶ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ÚÔÛÒÔ˘
‚. ¶ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ÙfiÔ˘
48
‚) ∏ ∞º∏°∏ª∞Δπ∫∏ ¶∞ƒ∞°ƒ∞ºO™ ∏ ·Ú¿ÁÚ·ÊÔ˜
ΔÈ Â›Ó·È Ë ·Ê‹ÁËÛË;
50
∞™∫∏™∂π™ ∏ ·Ú¿ÁÚ·ÊÔ˜
52
2. ¶ÚÔÛ·ı‹ÛÙ ӷ ‰È·ÎÚ›ÓÂÙ ÙÈ Â›‰Ô˘˜ ·Ê‹ÁËÛË ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ∏ ·Ú¿ÁÚ·ÊÔ˜
ÛÙȘ ·Ú·Î¿Ùˆ ·Ú·ÁÚ¿ÊÔ˘˜ (¯ÚÔÓÈ΋ ‹ ·Ó·‰ÚÔÌÈ΋).
∞) ∏ ÁÂÈÙÔÓÈ¿ ÌÔ˘.
μ) ΔÔ Û¯ÔÏÂ›Ô ÌÔ˘.
°) ∏ Ï·Ù›· ÙÔ˘ ¯ˆÚÈÔ‡ ÌÔ˘.
¢) ΔÔ ¿ÚÎÔ Ù˘ ÁÂÈÙÔÓÈ¿˜ ÌÔ˘.
54
¶∂ƒπ§∏æ∏ ∏ ·Ú¿ÁÚ·ÊÔ˜
Oƒπ™ªO™
ª∂£O¢O§O°π∞ ¶∂ƒπ§∏æ∏™
∞. ∫∞Δ∞¡O∏™∏ ∫∂πª∂¡OÀ
μ. ™À¡Δ∞•∏ ∫∂πª∂¡OÀ
57
∂∫£∂™∂π™
59
∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 1 ∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 1
ŒÎıÂÛË 1Ë
«¡· ÁÚ¿„ÂÙ ¤Ó· ¿ÚıÚÔ ÛÙËÓ ÂÊËÌÂÚ›‰· ÙÔ˘ Û¯ÔÏ›Ԣ
Û·˜ ÛÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ı· ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ ÙȘ ·ÓÙÈÊ·ÙÈΤ˜ fi„ÂȘ Ù˘ ∂Ï-
Ï¿‰·˜»
62
ŒÎıÂÛË 2Ë ∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 1
64
ŒÎıÂÛË 3Ë ∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 1
66
ŒÎıÂÛË 4Ë ∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 1
68
¶∞ƒ∞£∂ª∞Δ∞ ™Ã∂Δπ∫∞ ∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 1
ª∂ Δ∏¡ ¶ƒøΔ∏ ∂¡OΔ∏Δ∞
ŒÎıÂÛË 1Ë
«Δ· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Ë ÂÏÏËÓÈ΋ ÁÏÒÛÛ· ‰È·Ó‡ÂÈ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô
ÎÚ›Û˘. O ÂÏÏËÓÈÎfi˜ ÏfiÁÔ˜ Ô˘ ÌÂÁ·ÏÔ‡ÚÁËÛ ÛÙÔ ‰È¿‚·
ÙˆÓ ·ÈÒÓˆÓ Î·ÎÔÔÈÂ›Ù·È Î·È Û˘ÚÚÈÎÓÒÓÂÙ·È. ™Â ÔÈÔ˘˜ ·-
Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ˜ ÓÔÌ›˙ÂÙ fiÙÈ ÔÊ›ÏÂÈ ÙËÓ ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛË Î·È ÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ù˘-
Í‹ ÙÔ˘ ÙÔ Ê·ÈÓfiÌÂÓÔ Ù˘ ÁψÛÛÈ΋˜ ÎÚ›Û˘;»
ŒÎıÂÛË 2Ë
«¶ÔÈ· Â›Ó·È Ë ÛËÌ·Û›· Ù˘ ÁÏÒÛÛ·˜ ÛÙË ˙ˆ‹ ÙÔ˘ ·ÓıÚÒ-
Ô˘;»
77
∂Îı¤ÛÂȘ ŒÎıÂÛË 3Ë
«™ÙË Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓË ÂÔ¯‹ Ù˘ ·ÁÎÔÛÌÈÔÔ›ËÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ·ÓıÚÒÈ-
ÓÔ˘ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÔ‡, ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ¤ÓÙÔÓÔ˜ ΛӉ˘ÓÔ˜ ·ÏÏÔ›ˆÛ˘ Ù˘
ÁψÛÛÈ΋˜ Ì·˜ Ù·˘ÙfiÙËÙ·˜. ¶ÔÈÔÈ ÓÔÌ›˙ÂÙ ˆ˜ Â›Ó·È ÔÈ Î›Ó-
‰˘ÓÔÈ Ô˘ ·ÂÈÏÔ‡Ó ÙËÓ ÂÏÏËÓÈ΋ ÁÏÒÛÛ·;»
ŒÎıÂÛË 4Ë
«∏ ÁÏÒÛÛ· ÙˆÓ Ó¤ˆÓ»
80
ŒÎıÂÛË 5Ë ∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 2
81
∂Îı¤ÛÂȘ ¶∞ƒ∞£∂ª∞Δ∞ ™Ã∂Δπ∫∞
ª∂ Δ∏ ¢∂ÀΔ∂ƒ∏ ∂¡OΔ∏Δ∞
1. ∏ °§ø™™∞
82
2. ∏ °§ø™™∞ Δø¡ ¡∂ø¡ ∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 2
∫∞π Δ∞ Ã∞ƒ∞∫Δ∏ƒπ™Δπ∫∞ Δ∏™
∞. OÚÈÛÌfi˜
°. ∫ÔÈÓˆÓÈο ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο
¢. ∫ÔÈÓˆÓÈ΋ ·ÏÏ·Á‹
∂. °ÏˆÛÛÈΤ˜ ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ
3. ∞™ ™À§§O°π™ΔOÀª∂ ∂§§∏¡π∫∞
«Kyrie,
π eulogize the archons of the Panethnic Numismatic The-
saurus and the Ecumenical Trapeza for the orthodoxy of their
axioms, methods and policies, although there is an episode
of cacophony of the Trapeza with Hellas
With enthusiasm we dialogue and synagonize at the sy-
nods of our didymous Organizations in which polymorphous
economic ideas and dogmas are analyzed and synthesized.
Our critical problems such as the numismatic plethora
generate some agony and melancholy. This phenomenon is
characteristic of our epoch. But, to my thesis, we have the
dynamism to program therapeutic practices as a prophylaxis
93
∂Îı¤ÛÂȘ from chaos and catastrophe. In parallel, a panethnic unhy-
pocritical economic synergy and harmonization in a demo-
cratic climate is basic.
I apologize for my eccentric monologue. I emphasize my
eucharistia to you Kyrie, to the eugenic and generous Ame-
rican Ethnos and to the organizers and protagonists of this
Amphictyony and the gastronomic symposia».
2 OÎÙˆ‚Ú›Ô˘ 1959
«Kyrie,
It is Zeus’ anathema on our epoch for the dynamism of
our economies and the heresy of our economic methods
and policies that we should agonise between the Scylla of
numismatic plethora and the Charybdis of economic ane-
mia. It is not my idiosyncrasy to be ironic or sarcastic but my
diagnosis would be that politicians are rather cryptople-
thorists. Although they emphatically stigmatize numismatic
plethora, energize it through their tactics and practices.
Our policies have to be based more on economic and
less on political criteria.
Our gnomon has to be a metron between political, strate-
gic and philanthropic scopes. Political magic has always
been antieconomic.
In an epoch characterized by monopolies, oligopolies,
menopsonies, monopolistic antagonism and polymorphous
inelasticities, our policies have to be more orthological. But
this should not be metamorphosed into plethorophobia
which is endemic among academic economists.
Numismatic symmetry should not antagonize economic
acme. A greater harmonization between the practices of the
economic and numismatic archons is basic.
Parallel to this, we have to synchronize and harmonize
more and more our economic and numismatic policies pa-
nethnically. These scopes are more practical now, when the
94
prognostics of the political and economic barometer are ∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 2
halcyonic.
The history of our didymous organizations in this sphere
has been didactic and their gnostic practices will always be
a tonic to the polyonymous and idiomorphous ethnical
economics. The genesis of the programmed organisations
will dynamize these policies. I sympathise, therefore, with
the aposties and the hierarchy of our organisations in their
zeal to programme orthodox economic and numismatic
policies, although I have some logomachy with them.
I apologize for having tyrannized you with my hellenic
phraseology.
In my epilogue, I emphasize my eulogy to the philoxenous
autochthons of this cosmopolitan metropolis and my enco-
mium to you, Kyrie, and the stenographers».
98
∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 3 ∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 3
ŒÎıÂÛË 1Ë
«ŒÓ· ·fi Ù· ·ÚÓËÙÈο ÛÙÔȯ›· Ô˘ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙Ô˘Ó fiϘ ÙȘ
ÎÔÈӈӛ˜, ·ÓÂÍ·ÚÙ‹ÙÔ˘ ÂÔ¯‹˜, Â›Ó·È Ë ÂΉ‹ÏˆÛË Ú·ÙÛÈÛÙÈ-
ÎÒÓ Ê·ÈÓÔ̤ӈÓ. ™ÙËÓ ÂÔ¯‹ Ì·˜ Ì¿ÏÈÛÙ·, ÙÔ Ê·ÈÓfiÌÂÓÔ
·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ·ÓËÛ˘¯ËÙÈ΋ ¤Í·ÚÛË. ¶ÔȘ ÓÔÌ›˙ÂÙ ˆ˜ ›ӷÈ
ÔÈ Û˘Ó¤ÂȘ ÙÔ˘ Ê·ÈÓÔ̤ÓÔ˘;»
100
ŒÎıÂÛË 2Ë ∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 3
ŒÎıÂÛË 3Ë
«OÈ ÚfiÛÊ˘Á˜ Â›Ó·È ¿ÙÔÌ· Ô˘ ·Ó·Áο˙ÔÓÙ·È Ó· ÂÁηٷ-
Ï›„Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ·ÙÚ›‰· ÙÔ˘˜ ·fi Êfi‚Ô ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ˙ˆ‹ Î·È ÙËÓ
ÂÏ¢ıÂÚ›· ÙÔ˘˜ (Û ·ÓÙ›ıÂÛË Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ÌÂÙ·Ó¿ÛÙ˜ Ô˘ Âη-
ÙÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·È ÔÈÎÂÈÔıÂÏÒ˜). ¶ÔÈ· ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· ÚÔ·ÙÔ˘Ó ÁÈ·
ÙÔ˘˜ ÚfiÛÊ˘Á˜ fiÙ·Ó ·˘ÙÔ› ·Ó·Áο˙ÔÓÙ·È Ó· ÂÁηٷÏ›-
„Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ·ÙÚ›‰· ÙÔ˘˜;»
ŒÎıÂÛË 4Ë
«°Ú¿„Ù ÌÈ· ÂÈÛÙÔÏ‹ ÛÙÔ ‰‹Ì·Ú¯Ô ÌÈ·˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Ô˘ ‰Â
‰È·ı¤ÙÂÈ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ ÁÈ· ¿ÙÔÌ· Ì ÂȉÈΤ˜ ·Ó¿ÁΘ. ºÚÔÓÙ›ÛÙÂ
ÛÙËÓ ÂÈÛÙÔÏ‹ Û·˜ Ó· ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿ÛÂÙ ÙË ¯ÚËÛÈÌfiÙËÙ· ÂÓfi˜
Ù¤ÙÔÈÔ˘ ΤÓÙÚÔ˘ Î·È Ó· ÚÔÙ›ÓÂÙ ÙËÓ ›‰Ú˘Û‹ ÙÔ˘.»
ŒÎıÂÛË 5Ë
«°Ú¿„Ù ¤Ó· ¿ÚıÚÔ ÛÙËÓ ÂÊËÌÂÚ›‰· ÙÔ˘ Û¯ÔÏ›Ԣ fiÔ˘ ı·
˘ÔÛÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ ÙÔ ‰Èη›ˆÌ· ÙˆÓ ·ÓıÚÒˆÓ ÛÙËÓ ÈÛfiÙËÙ· ·Ï-
Ï¿ Î·È ÛÙË ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·»
106
¶∞ƒ∞£∂ª∞Δ∞ ™Ã∂Δπ∫∞ ∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 3
ª∂ Δ∏¡ ΔƒπΔ∏ ∂¡OΔ∏Δ∞
1. ƒ∞Δ™π™ªO™
2. ∞πΔπ∂™ ƒ∞Δ™π™ªOÀ
3. ™À¡O§π∫∞ ™Àª¶∂ƒ∞™ª∞Δ∞
4. ƒ∞Δ™π™ªO™-¶O§πΔπ™ªO™
AÓıÚÒÈÓ·
5. ∫Oπ¡ø¡π∫O™ ƒ∞Δ™π™ªO™
8. ¶ƒO™ºÀ°∂™
125
∂Îı¤ÛÂȘ
∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 4
ŒÎıÂÛË 1Ë
«¶ÔÈÔÈ ÓÔÌ›˙ÂÙ ˆ˜ Â›Ó·È ÔÈ ÛÙfi¯ÔÈ Ù˘ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ŒÓˆ-
Û˘;»
127
∂Îı¤ÛÂȘ ŒÎıÂÛË 2Ë
«¶ÔȘ ÈÛÙ‡ÂÙ ˆ˜ Â›Ó·È ÔÈ ıÂÙÈΤ˜ Û˘Ó¤ÂȘ ·fi ÙËÓ
¤ÓÙ·ÍË Ù˘ ¯ÒÚ·˜ Ì·˜ ÛÙËÓ ∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ŒÓˆÛË;»
ŒÎıÂÛË 3Ë
«∏ ÂÔ¯‹ Ì·˜ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÌÈ· ¤ÓÙÔÓË ÌÔÚÊ‹ ·ÓÙÈ-
·Ú¿ıÂÛ˘ Ô˘ ÂÈÎÚ·Ù› ÛÙȘ Û¯¤ÛÂȘ ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ Ï·ÒÓ.
∞fi ÔÏÏÔ‡˜ Á›ÓÂÙ·È ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¿ ÛÙËÓ ·Ó¿ÁÎË Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›·˜
ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ Ï·ÒÓ. ™Â ÔÈÔ˘˜ ÙÔÌ›˜ ÈÛÙ‡ÂÙ ˆ˜ ÌÔÚ›
Ó· ÂÈÙ¢¯ı› Ë Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· ·˘Ù‹;»
ŒÎıÂÛË 4Ë
«¶ÔÈ· ÓÔÌ›˙ÂÙ ˆ˜ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Â›Ó·È Ë ı¤ÛË Ù˘ ¯ÒÚ·˜ Ì·˜
ÛÙ· Ï·›ÛÈ· Ù˘ ∂ӈ̤Ó˘ ∂˘ÚÒ˘;»
ŒÎıÂÛË 5Ë
«¶ÔÈÔ˜ ÓÔÌ›˙ÂÙ fiÙÈ Â›Ó·È Ô ÚfiÏÔ˜ Ù˘ ·Ú¿‰ÔÛ˘ ÛÙË Û‡Á-
¯ÚÔÓË ÂÔ¯‹;»
133
∂Îı¤ÛÂȘ ¶∞ƒ∞£∂ª∞Δ∞ ™Ã∂Δπ∫∞
ª∂ Δ∏¡ Δ∂Δ∞ƒΔ∏ ∂¡OΔ∏Δ∞
∂˘Úˆ·˚΋ ÂÈÙÚÔ‹
2. ∂Àƒø¶∞´∫∏ ∂¡ø™∏
4. ∏ ¶∞ƒ∞¢O™∏
144
∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 5 ∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 5
ŒÎıÂÛË 1Ë
«O fiÏÂÌÔ˜ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÙË ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚË Û˘ÌÊÔÚ¿ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·ÓıÚˆ-
fiÙËÙ·. ¡· ·Ó·Ù‡ÍÂÙ ÙȘ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfiÙÂÚ˜ Û˘Ó¤ÂȤ˜ ÙÔ˘.»
ŒÎıÂÛË 2Ë
«¶ÔÈ· ÓÔÌ›˙ÂÙ ˆ˜ Â›Ó·È Ù· ·Á·ı¿ ÚÔÛʤÚÂÈ Ë ÂÈÚ‹ÓË
ÛÙÔÓ ¿ÓıÚˆÔ;»
147
∂Îı¤ÛÂȘ ŒÎıÂÛË 3Ë
«ªÂ ÔÈÔ ÙÚfiÔ ÂÛ›˜ ÔÈ Ó¤ÔÈ, Ô˘ ·ÔÙÂϛ٠ÙÔ «Ì¤ÏÏÔÓ»
Ù˘ ·ÓıÚˆfiÙËÙ·˜, ÌÔÚ›Ù ·fi «·ÏÔ› ·Ú·ÙËÚËÙ¤˜» Ó·
Á›ÓÂÙ «ÂÓÂÚÁËÙÈÎÔ› Û˘Ì̤ÙÔ¯ÔÈ» Î·È Ó· ÂÚÁ·ÛÙ›Ù ÁÈ· ÙËÓ
‰ڷ›ˆÛË Ù˘ ·ÁÎfiÛÌÈ·˜ ÂÈÚ‹Ó˘; ∞ÊÔ‡ Û˘˙ËÙ‹ÛÂÙ ÙÔ ı¤-
Ì·, ÁÚ¿„Ù ÙȘ ÛΤ„ÂȘ Û·˜, ÁÈ· Ó· ‰ËÌÔÛÈ¢ÙÔ‡Ó Û ÂÊËÌÂ-
Ú›‰·.»
ŒÎıÂÛË 4Ë
«¡· Û˘ÓÙ¿ÍÂȘ ¤Ó· ΛÌÂÓÔ Û·Ó Ì¤ÏÔ˜ Ù˘ μÔ˘Ï‹˜ ÙˆÓ ∂Ê‹-
‚ˆÓ Ì ı¤Ì· Ù· ÏÂÔÓÂÎÙ‹Ì·Ù· Ù˘ Û˘ÌÊÈÏ›ˆÛ˘ Î·È Ù˘
Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· Û ‰‡Ô ÁÂÈÙÔÓÈÎÔ‡˜ Ï·Ô‡˜, ÁÈ· Ó· ÙÔ
ÂÎʈӋÛÂȘ ÛÙË μÔ˘Ï‹ ÙˆÓ ∂ÏÏ‹ÓˆÓ.»
150
ŒÎıÂÛË 5Ë ∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 5
151
∂Îı¤ÛÂȘ ŒÎıÂÛË 6Ë
«°È· ÔÈÔ˘˜ ÏfiÁÔ˘˜ ıˆÚ›Ù fiÙÈ Â›Ó·È ·Ó·Áη›Ô, ÂȉÈο Û‹-
ÌÂÚ· Ó· ÂÈÎÚ·Ù‹ÛÂÈ Û ·ÁÎfiÛÌÈÔ Â›Â‰Ô Ë ÂÈÚ‹ÓË;»
153
∂Îı¤ÛÂȘ ¶∞ƒ∞£∂ª∞Δ∞ ™Ã∂Δπ∫∞
ª∂ Δ∏¡ ¶∂ª¶Δ∏ ∂¡OΔ∏Δ∞
∞ıÒ· Ù· ÁÔÓ›‰È·
∏ ÂÈıÂÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·, ··Ú·›ÙËÙË ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÈ‚›ˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ·ÓıÚÒ-
Ô˘, ÁÈ’ ·˘Ùfi Î·È ‚·ıÈ¿ ÚÈ˙ˆÌ¤ÓË Ì¤Û· ÙÔ˘, ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È Û˘ÓÒÓ˘-
156
ÌÔ ÙÔ˘ ÔϤÌÔ˘, ÙÔÓ›˙Ô˘Ó ÔÈ ·ÓıÚˆÔÏfiÁÔÈ. ª¤¯ÚÈ ÙËÓ ÂÔ¯‹ ∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 5
ηٿ ÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ¿Ú¯ÈÛ ӷ ·Ó·Ù‡ÛÛÂÙ·È Ë ÁˆÚÁ›· Ë ¯Ú‹ÛË
Ù˘ ‚›·˜ ‹Ù·Ó ÛÔÚ·‰È΋. O ¿ÓıÚˆÔ˜ ¿ÓÙ· ˘ÂÚ¿ÛÈ˙Â
ÙËÓ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ· Î·È Ù· ‰¿ÊË ÙÔ˘. ŸÙ·Ó › ‰Âο‰Â˜ ¯ÈÏÈ¿‰Â˜
¯ÚfiÓÈ· ˙Ô‡Û ·fi ÙÔ Î˘Ó‹ÁÈ Î·È ÙË Û˘ÏÏÔÁ‹ ÙÚÔÊ‹˜ Ô ·ÁÎfi-
ÛÌÈÔ˜ ÏËı˘ÛÌfi˜ ‰ÂÓ ÍÂÂÚÓÔ‡Û ÙȘ ÌÂÚÈΤ˜ ‰Âο‰Â˜ Âη-
ÙÔÌ̇ÚÈ· ¿ÙÔÌ·. Δ· ‰È·ı¤ÛÈÌ· ‰¿ÊË ‹Ù·Ó ·ÓÂÍ¿ÓÙÏËÙ· ηÈ
ÔÈ ‰È·Ì¿¯Â˜ Û¿ÓȘ. ∂Ô̤ӈ˜ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È Â‡ÎÔÏÔ Ó· ÈÛÙ¤-
„Ô˘Ì fiÙÈ ÙÔ ÔÏÂÌÈÎfi ¤ÓÛÙÈÎÙÔ Îˆ‰ÈÎÔÔÈ‹ıËΠÛÙ· ÁÔÓ›‰È¿
Ì·˜. O fiÏÂÌÔ˜ «ÂÊ¢ڤıËλ ·ÚÁfiÙÂÚ·, fiÙ·Ó Ë ÎÙËÓÔÙÚÔ-
Ê›· Î·È Ë ÁˆÚÁ›· ¿Ú¯ÈÛ·Ó Ó· ·Ó·Ù‡ÛÛÔÓÙ·È Î·È Ô ÏËı˘-
ÛÌfi˜ Ó· ·˘Í¿ÓÂÙ·È. ΔfiÙ ·ÎÚÈ‚Ò˜ ÚԤ΢„Â Ë ·Ó¿ÁÎË ˘Â-
Ú¿ÛÈÛ˘ Ù˘ ÛÔ‰ÂÈ¿˜ Î·È ÙˆÓ ˙ÒˆÓ. ™‡ÓÙÔÌ· ͤ۷۷Ó
ÛÊÔ‰Ú¤˜ ‰È·Ì¿¯Â˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Î˘ÚÈ·Ú¯›· ÙˆÓ Ê˘ÛÈÎÒÓ fiÚˆÓ.
OÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋ ÛÙÚ·ÙËÁÈ΋
¶ÔÈ· Â›Ó·È Ù· ·›ÙÈ· ÙÔ˘ ÔϤÌÔ˘; ∞Ó ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Û ·Ó·fi-
Ê¢ÎÙË Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ· Ù˘ ¤ÏÏÂȄ˘ Ê˘ÛÈÎÒÓ fiÚˆÓ Î·È Ù˘ ‰È·-
Ì¿¯Ë˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÍ·ÛÊ¿ÏÈÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜, ıˆÚËÙÈο ı· ÌÔÚÔ‡ÛÂ
Ó· ÂÍ·ÏÂÈÊı›, ·ÊÔ‡ ı· ·ÚÎÔ‡ÛÂ Ë ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÙˆÓ Ê˘ÛÈÎÒÓ
fiÚˆÓ ÒÛÙ ӷ Î·Ï˘ÊıÔ‡Ó ÔÈ ·Ó¿ÁΘ fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ Î·ÙԛΈÓ
Ù˘ °Ë˜. ™ÙËÓ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· Ì›· ·ÎfiÌ· ÔÈ-
ÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋ ÛÙÚ·ÙËÁÈ΋ Ë ÔÔ›· Ù›ıÂÙ·È Û ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ fiÙ·Ó ÔÈ
Ê˘Ï¤˜, Ù· ¤ıÓË ‹ ÔÈ ·ÓÙ·ÁˆÓÈÛÙ¤˜ ÙˆÓ ËÁÂÙÈÎÒÓ Ù¿ÍÂˆÓ Ì¿-
¯ÔÓÙ·È ÁÈ· ÙË Û˘ÛÛÒÚ¢ÛË fiÏÔ Î·È ÂÚÈÛÛÔÙ¤ÚˆÓ ËÁÒÓ
ÎÂÚ‰ÔÊÔÚ›·˜. ∞fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÔϤÌÔ˘˜ Ô˘ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔÓÙ·È ÛÙËÓ
∞Á›· °Ú·Ê‹ ̤¯ÚÈ ÂΛÓÔ˘˜ Ô˘ ‰ÈÂÍ¿ÁÔÓÙ·È Û‹ÌÂÚ· ÁÈ· ÙÔ
ÂÙڤϷÈÔ, ÔÈ ÔÌ¿‰Â˜ Ô˘ ÎÈÓÔ‡Ó Ù· Ó‹Ì·Ù· ۯ‰fiÓ ¿ÓÙ·
·ÔÎÚ‡ÙÔ˘Ó Ù· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈο ·›ÙÈ· ÙˆÓ Û˘ÁÎÚÔ‡ÛˆÓ
ÚÔÛ‰›‰ÔÓÙ¿˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ıÚËÛ΢ÙÈÎfi ‹ ÂıÓÈÎfi-·ÙÚȈÙÈÎfi ¯·-
Ú·ÎÙ‹Ú·, ˘ÔÛÙËÚ›˙Ô˘Ó ÔÈ ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎÔ›.
ŸÛÔÈ ‰ÂÓ ÂÓÛÙÂÚÓ›˙ÔÓÙ·È ÙËÓ ¿Ô„Ë fiÙÈ «Ë ·ÈÙ›· ÙÔ˘ Ô-
ϤÌÔ˘ ÎÚ‡‚ÂÙ·È ÛÙ· ÁÔÓ›‰È¿ Ì·˜» ÂÈÛËÌ·›ÓÔ˘Ó fiÙÈ Ù· ˙Ò·
Ô˘ ÌÔÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ÛÙÔÓ ¿ÓıÚˆÔ ·fi ÁÂÓÂÙÈ΋˜
157
∂Îı¤ÛÂȘ ¿Ô„˘ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ÔÈ ÎÔÈÓÔ› ¯ÈÌ·Ù˙‹‰Â˜ ·ÏÏ¿ ÔÈ ˘ÁÌ·›ÔÈ,
Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ÂÈÚËÓÈÎÔ› Î·È Û˘ÓÂÚÁ¿ÛÈÌÔÈ. ∂ÈϤÔÓ ÙÔÓ›˙Ô˘Ó fiÙÈ
ÔÈ Â¯ıÚÔڷ͛˜ ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙȘ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ˜ ÙˆÓ ¯ÈÌ·Ù˙‹-
‰ˆÓ Ù˘ Δ·Ó˙·Ó›·˜ Í¤Û·Û·Ó ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ÌÈ· ÂÎÙÂٷ̤ÓË ÂÎ-
‰¿ÛˆÛË Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ÙÔ˘˜, Ì ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· Ó· ·˘ÍËı› Ô
·ÓÙ·ÁˆÓÈÛÌfi˜ ÌÂٷ͇ ÙÔ˘˜. O fiÏÂÌÔ˜ Ô˘ ͤ۷Û ‹Ù·Ó
·ÁÒÓ·˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Î˘ÚÈ·Ú¯›· ÙˆÓ Ê˘ÛÈÎÒÓ fiÚˆÓ. ∫¿ÙÈ ·Ó¿ÏÔ-
ÁÔ Û˘Ó¤‚Ë Î·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ΢ÓËÁÔ‡˜ μÔ˘ÛÌ¿ÓÔ˘˜. ∏ Û‡ÁÎÚÔ˘Û‹
ÙÔ˘˜ Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ÎÙËÓÔÙÚfiÊÔ˘˜ μ·ÓÙÔ‡ ¿Ú¯ÈÛ Ì ÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÏË-
„Ë Ù˘ Û·‚¿Ó·˜ ·’ ·˘Ù‹ ÙË Ê˘Ï‹ ÎÙËÓÔÙÚfiÊˆÓ Ô˘ ÌÂÙ¤-
ÊÂÚ·Ó ÂΛ Ù· ˙Ò· ÙÔ˘˜ ‰È·Ù·Ú¿ÛÛÔÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ ÈÛÔÚÚÔ›·
Ù˘ ¿ÁÚÈ·˜ ·Ó›‰·˜, ÔχÙÈÌÔ˘ Ê˘ÛÈÎÔ‡ fiÚÔ˘ ÁÈ· ÙÔ˘˜
μÔ˘ÛÌ¿ÓÔ˘˜.
¶·Ú¿Ï¢Ú˜ ·ÒÏÂȘ
™ÙȘ ̤Ú˜ Ì·˜ ÔÈ fiÏÂÌÔÈ ‰ÈÂÍ¿ÁÔÓÙ·È Ï¤ÔÓ Ì «¤Í˘-
Ó·» fiÏ·. O ̇ıÔ˜ fiÙÈ ÔÈ Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓÔÈ fiÏÂÌÔÈ Â›Ó·È ÈÔ «Î·-
ı·ÚÔ›» Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì’ ÂΛÓÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘ ·ÚÂÏıfiÓÙÔ˜ ηٷÚÚ›ÙÂ-
Ù·È. ΔÔ μ·ÙÂÚÏfi ‹Ù·Ó ÍÂηı¿ÚÈÛÌ· ÏÔÁ·ÚÈ·ÛÌÒÓ ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ·
Û ‰‡Ô ÛÙÚ·ÙÔ‡˜, ·fi ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ‰ÂÓ ·Â›¯·Ó ÔÈ ·ÏÔ› ÔÏ›-
Ù˜. ∞ÎfiÌ· Î·È ÛÙÔÓ ¶ÚÒÙÔ ¶·ÁÎfiÛÌÈÔ ¶fiÏÂÌÔ ÛÊ·ÁÈ¿-
ÛÙËÎ·Ó ÛÙÔ Ì¤ÙˆÔ ÔÏÏÔ› Ó¤ÔÈ ÛÙÚ·ÙÈÒÙ˜, ·ÏÏ¿ Ù· Á˘-
Ó·ÈÎfi·È‰· ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛ·Ó ÙÔÓ fiÏÂÌÔ ·fi Ì·ÎÚÈ¿. ªfi-
ÓÔ Ì ÙÔ ¢Â‡ÙÂÚÔ ¶·ÁÎfiÛÌÈÔ ¶fiÏÂÌÔ ¿Ú¯ÈÛ ӷ Ï‹ÙÙÂÙ·È
Ô ¿Ì·¯Ô˜ ÏËı˘ÛÌfi˜. ∏ ·ÁÁÏÈ΋ fiÏË ∫fi‚ÂÓÙÚÈ ÈÛÔ‰Ò-
ıËΠÙÔ 1942. ¶ÈÔ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈ΋ ‹Ù·Ó Ë ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ÙÔ˘
·ÓÂϤËÙÔ˘ ‚ÔÌ‚·Ú‰ÈÛÌÔ‡ Ù˘ ÁÂÚÌ·ÓÈ΋˜ ¢Ú¤Û‰Ë˜ ÛÙȘ 3
ºÂ‚ÚÔ˘·Ú›Ô˘ ÙÔ˘ 1945 ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ™˘ÌÌ¿¯Ô˘˜.
162
5. ¶O§∂ªO™ ∫∞π ¶O§πΔπ™Δπ∫∏ ∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 5
∫§∏ƒO¡Oªπ∞
163
∂Îı¤ÛÂȘ
∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 6
ŒÎıÂÛË 1Ë
«Δ· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ¤¯ÂÈ ·Ó·‰Âȯı› Û ·ÁÎfiÛÌÈÔ Â›Â‰Ô
Ô ÂıÂÏÔÓÙÈÛÌfi˜ ˆ˜ ÙÚfiÔ˜ ˙ˆ‹˜ ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ˆ˜ ̤ıÔ‰Ô˜ Û˘-
ÓÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ·ÓıÚÒˆÓ. °È· ÔÈÔ˘˜ ÏfiÁÔ˘˜ È-
ÛÙ‡ÂÙ fiÙÈ ¤Ó·˜ Ó¤Ô˜ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Á›ÓÂÈ ÂıÂÏÔÓÙ‹˜;»
165
∂Îı¤ÛÂȘ ŒÎıÂÛË 2Ë
«¡· ÂÚÈÁÚ¿„ÂȘ ÙËÓ ÂÌÂÈÚ›· ÛÔ˘ ·fi ÙËÓ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ ÛÂ
Ì›· ÂıÂÏÔÓÙÈ΋ ÔÌ¿‰·».
167
∂Îı¤ÛÂȘ ŒÎıÂÛË 3Ë
«ª›· ›ÛÎÂ„Ë Ì ÙÔ Û¯ÔÏÂ›Ô ÛÙÔ ·È‰ÈÎfi ¯ˆÚÈfi SOS.»
169
∂Îı¤ÛÂȘ ŒÎıÂÛË 4Ë
«¡· Û˘ÓÙ¿ÍÂȘ ¤Ó· ΛÌÂÓÔ Û·Ó Ì¤ÏÔ˜ Ù˘ μÔ˘Ï‹˜ ÙˆÓ ∂Ê‹-
‚ˆÓ Ì ı¤Ì· Ù· ÏÂÔÓÂÎÙ‹Ì·Ù· Ù˘ Û˘ÌÊÈÏ›ˆÛ˘ Î·È Ù˘
Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· Û ‰‡Ô ÁÂÈÙÔÓÈÎÔ‡˜ Ï·Ô‡˜, ÁÈ· Ó· ÙÔ
ÂÎʈӋÛÂȘ ÛÙË μÔ˘Ï‹ ÙˆÓ ∂ÏÏ‹ÓˆÓ.»
ŒÎıÂÛË 5Ë
«∏ ∂ÏÏËÓÈ΋ ∞ÓÙÈηÚÎÈÓÈ΋ ∂Ù·ÈÚ›· ı· οÓÂÈ ÙÔÓ ÂÙ‹ÛÈÔ ·ÓÙÈ-
ηÚÎÈÓÈÎfi ¤Ú·ÓÔ. °È· ÙÔ ÏfiÁÔ ·˘Ùfi ¤ÛÙÂÈÏ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ‰È·¯ÂÈÚÈ-
ÛÙ¤˜ ÙˆÓ ÔÏ˘Î·ÙÔÈÎÈÒÓ ÌÈ· ÂÈÛÙÔÏ‹ Ì ÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ÙÔ˘˜ ·-
ڷηÏ› Ó· ÂÓËÌÂÚÒÛÔ˘Ó fiÏÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÓÔ›ÎÔ˘˜ Ù˘ ÔÏ˘Î·-
ÙÔÈΛ·˜ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ¤Ú·ÓÔ. ∞Ó ‹Û·ÛÙ·Ó ÂÛ›˜ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË ÙÔ˘ ‰È·-
¯ÂÈÚÈÛÙ‹, ˆ˜ ı’ ·Â˘ı˘ÓfiÛ·ÛÙ·Ó ÛÙÔ˘˜ Á›ÙÔÓ¤˜ Û·˜ ηÈ
Ì ÔÈ· ÏfiÁÈ· ı· ÚÔÛ·ıÔ‡Û·Ù ӷ ÙÔ˘˜ ›ÛÂÙ fiÙÈ ·Í›˙ÂÈ
Ó· ÚÔÛʤÚÔ˘Ó fiÛ· ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ· ¯Ú‹Ì·Ù· ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó;»
172
¶∞ƒ∞£∂ª∞Δ∞ ™Ã∂Δπ∫∞ ∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 6
ª∂ Δ∏¡ ∂∫Δ∏ ∂¡OΔ∏Δ∞
1. ∂£∂§O¡Δπ™ªO™
178
∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 7 ∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 7
ŒÎıÂÛË 1Ë
«ª¤Û· ·fi ÙËÓ Ù¤¯ÓË ‰›ÓÂÙ·È Ë ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· ÛÙÔÓ ¿ÓıÚˆÔ
Ó· ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ÛÂÈ Î·È Ù·˘Ùfi¯ÚÔÓ· Ó· ·ÂÏ¢ıÂÚÒÛÂÈ ÙËÓ
ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈÎfiÙËÙ¿ ÙÔ˘. ¶ÔÈ· ÈÛÙ‡ÂÙ ˆ˜ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Â›Ó·È Ë
Û˘ÓÂÈÛÊÔÚ¿ Ù˘ Ù¤¯Ó˘ ÛÙÔÓ ¿ÓıÚˆÔ;»
ŒÎıÂÛË 2Ë
«∏ Ù¤¯ÓË ·ÔÙÂÏ› ‡„ÈÛÙÔ ·Á·ıfi ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ¿ÓıÚˆÔ, ÁÈ·Ù› ÙÔ˘
‰›ÓÂÈ ÙË ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· Ó· ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ÛÂÈ Î·È Ó· Â͈ÙÂÚÈ·ÛÂÈ
ÙÔÓ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ ÎfiÛÌÔ. øÛÙfiÛÔ, Ù· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ·
ÔÏÏÔ› ¿ÓıÚˆÔÈ ÂÎÊÚ¿˙Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ·ÓËÛ˘¯›· ÙÔ˘˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ
ÂÌÔÚÂ˘Ì·ÙÔÔ›ËÛË Ù˘ Ù¤¯Ó˘. ™Â ÔȤ˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ Ë Ù¤-
¯ÓË ÂÌÔÚÂ˘Ì·ÙÔÔÈ›ٷÈ;»
181
∂Îı¤ÛÂȘ ŒÎıÂÛË 3Ë
«ΔÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· Û·˜ ·Ó¤Ï·‚ ̷˙› Ì ÙË ÊÈÏfiÏÔÁfi Û·˜ Ó· ·ÚÔ˘-
ÛÈ¿ÛÂÈ ÛÙÔ Ù¤ÏÔ˜ Ù˘ Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ¯ÚÔÓÈ¿˜ ÌÈ· ·Ú¿ÛÙ·ÛË ı¿-
ÙÚÔ˘ ÛÎÈÒÓ. ¡· ÂÚÈÁÚ¿„ÂÙ ÙËÓ ÂÌÂÈÚ›· Û·˜ ·fi ÙË Û˘Ì-
ÌÂÙÔ¯‹ Û·˜ ·˘Ù‹.»
183
∂Îı¤ÛÂȘ ŒÎıÂÛË 4Ë
«∂ÓÙ˘ÒÛÂȘ ·fi ÌÈ· ·Ú¯·›· ÙÚ·Áˆ‰›·.»
185
∂Îı¤ÛÂȘ ŒÎıÂÛË 5Ë
«ªÂ ÔÈÔ ÙÚfiÔ Û „˘¯·ÁˆÁ› Ô ÎÈÓËÌ·ÙÔÁÚ¿ÊÔ˜;»
ŒÎıÂÛË 6Ë
«¡· ÂÚÈÁÚ¿„ÂÙ ÌÈ· Û˘Ó·˘Ï›· Ô˘ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı‹Û·ÙÂ.»
188
¶∞ƒ∞£∂ª∞Δ∞ ™Ã∂Δπ∫∞ ∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 7
ª∂ Δ∏¡ ∂μ¢Oª∏ ∂¡OΔ∏Δ∞
1. Δ∂á∏
192
5. ∞¶Oº£∂°ª∞Δ∞ °π∞ Δ∏¡ Δ∂á∏ ∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 7
193
∂Îı¤ÛÂȘ
∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 8
ŒÎıÂÛË 1Ë
«¶ÔÈ· Â›Ó·È Ë ÛËÌ·Û›· Ù˘ ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ ÛÙËÓ ·ÓıÚÒÈÓË ˙ˆ‹.»
195
∂Îı¤ÛÂȘ ŒÎıÂÛË 2Ë
«°Ú¿„Ù ¤Ó· ÌÈÎÚfi ΛÌÂÓÔ – ·¿ÓÙËÛË Û ¤Ú¢ӷ ·ÁÁÂÏ-
Ì·ÙÈÎÔ‡ ÚÔÛ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈÛÌÔ‡ Ô˘ Á›ÓÂÙ ÛÙÔ Û¯ÔÏÂ›Ô Û·˜ ÁÈ·
ÙÔ Â¿ÁÁÂÏÌ· Ô˘ ·˘Ù‹ ÙË ÛÙÈÁÌ‹ Û·˜ ÂӉȷʤÚÂÈ. ™ÙÔ Î›-
ÌÂÓÔ ·˘Ùfi Ó· ··ÓÙ‹ÛÂÙÂ Î·È ÙȘ ÂÍ‹˜ ÂÚˆÙ‹ÛÂȘ:
∞) ÙÔ ÂÈϤͷÙ Ì ÎÚÈÙ‹ÚÈÔ ÙÔ Î‡ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘, ÙȘ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈΤ˜
ÚÔÔÙÈΤ˜, ‹ ÙËÓ ÎÏ›ÛË Û·˜;
μ) ÂËÚ·ÛًηÙ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÁÔÓ›˜ Û·˜, ÙÔ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎfi ÂÚÈ-
‚¿ÏÏÔÓ ‹ ÙÔ Û¯ÔÏ›Ô;
°) Â›Ó·È Â¿ÁÁÂÏÌ· Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ Û¯¤ÛË Ì ÙÔ Ê‡ÏÔ Û·˜;»
197
∂Îı¤ÛÂȘ ŒÎıÂÛË 3Ë
«∫·ıÔÚÈÛÙÈÎfi ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ· ÛÙË ˙ˆ‹ ÙÔ˘ ·ÓıÚÒÔ˘ ·›˙ÂÈ Ë
ÂÈÏÔÁ‹ ÙÔ˘ ·ÁÁ¤ÏÌ·ÙÔ˜ Ô˘ ·˘Ùfi˜ ı· ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı‹ÛÂÈ ÛÙËÓ
˘fiÏÔÈË ˙ˆ‹ ÙÔ˘. ªÂ ÔÈ· ÎÚÈÙ‹ÚÈ· ÈÛÙ‡ÂÙ ˆ˜ Ú¤ÂÈ
Ó· Á›ÓÂÙ·È Ë ÂÈÏÔÁ‹ ·ÁÁ¤ÏÌ·ÙÔ˜ ·fi ¤Ó· Ó¤Ô;»
ŒÎıÂÛË 4Ë
«Δ· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ¤¯ÂÈ Î¿ÓÂÈ ÙËÓ ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙË ˙ˆ‹
Ì·˜ ÙÔ ‰È·‰›ÎÙ˘Ô Î·È Ë ¯Ú‹ÛË ÙÔ˘ ·Ó·Ù‡ÛÛÂÙ·È Ì ˘ÂÚ‚Ô-
ÏÈο ÁÚ‹ÁÔÚÔ˘˜ Ú˘ıÌÔ‡˜. ¶ÔÈ· ÓÔÌ›˙ÂÙ ˆ˜ Â›Ó·È Ù· ıÂÙÈο
ÛÙÔȯ›· Ô˘ ·ÔʤÚÂÈ Ë ¯Ú‹ÛË ÙÔ˘ ‰È·‰ÈÎÙ‡Ô˘;»
ŒÎıÂÛË 5Ë
«ŒÓ· ·fi Ù· ·ÚÓËÙÈο Ê·ÈÓfiÌÂÓ· Ô˘ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ
ÂÔ¯‹ Ì·˜ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ¿Á¯Ô˜. Œ¯ÂÈ ¿ÚÂÈ ÙÂÚ¿ÛÙȘ ‰È·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ
Î·È ¤¯ÂÈ Î·Ù·ÛÙÚÔÊÈΤ˜ Û˘Ó¤ÂȘ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ¿ÓıÚˆÔ. ¶ÔȘ
ıˆÚ›ÙÂ Â›Ó·È ÔÈ ·Èٛ˜ Ô˘ ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó ÛÙÔ Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓÔ ¿Ó-
ıÚˆÔ ÙÔ ¿Á¯Ô˜;»
202
ŒÎıÂÛË 6Ë ∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 8
¶∞ƒ∞£∂ª∞Δ∞ ™Ã∂Δπ∫∞
ª∂ Δ∏¡ O°¢O∏ ∂¡OΔ∏Δ∞
∂ÈÏÔÁ¤˜
207