Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
2015
PLAN
1. Cartographie fonctionnelle cérébrale chez l’homme
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Homunculus sensoriel
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«Move» «Sensation»
«Plan»
«Intention»
«Decision»
«Vision»
«Saisir le verre!»
+ Basal ganglia + Cerebellum
Control loops
«Vision»
Régions fonctionelles
“large-scale networks”
(=réseaux de neurones)
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«Il faut savoir que, d'une part, les plaisirs, les joies,
les rires et les jeux, d'autre part, les chagrins, les
peines, les mécontentements et les plaintes ne nous
proviennent que de là (le cerveau).»
Willis:
- sens commun: le striatum
- imagination: le corps calleux
- Mémoire: cortex
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THEORIE GLOBALISTE
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Aphasia de Broca
(a “sans" + phásis “parole")
Aphasia de Broca
(a “sans" + phásis “parole")
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Cellules corticales, coloration de Golgi Dessin de cellules du cervelet, Ramon y Cajal, dans
"Estructura de los centros nerviosos de las aves",
Madrid, 1905
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Excitatrices
Inhibitrices
Modulatrices
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Hans Berger
(1926)
0 800 1600 2400 3200 4000 4800 5600 6400 7200 msec
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+100
V
-100
+100
V
-100
0 1 2 3 4 5 sec
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compartiments
(cerveau, dura, crâne)
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+
_
Résumé EEG1
EEG records postsynaptic potentials and not action potentials.
In contrast to PET or fMRI, EEG and MEG measure direct correlates of
neuronal activity
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1 64
Stimulus Stimulus
16 100
Stimulus
Stimulus
36
500
mean mean
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Normaux
H. F. (M, 45 years):
symptômes
visuelles bilat.
SPMS 0 100 200 ms
P100: 178 ms 0 100 200 ms P100: 141 ms
Objects
0
-5
Faces
-10
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Objects
0
-5
Faces
-10
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potential
current
+
potential
current
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1.
Recording of the EEG
at many
electrodes
simultaneously
-1.5 0
-6 -4 3
0
-6
-4 -2
-1.5
0 3.5 5
2.
-1
-2 0 5
6 Reconstruction of the
-5 1
= electric field
-3.5 -1.5 3
2 7 8
-.5 0
-4 -3 -2 4
10 at each moment in time
-3.5 3
-3 -2 -1 1 5 8
Lehmann, 1971
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Résumé EEG3
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The
1. rodentmodel
Animal model for
for neuronal networks
EEG studies?
Cortex moteur
Cortex
somatosensoriel
Cortex auditif
Cortex visuel
Functional areas
What to do
Whywith an animal
an animal model
model in neuroscience?
in neuroscience?
To study the cellular and molecular basis for network function
- invasive electrophysiology
- experimental lesions
- environmental manipulations
- pharmacological studies
- genetic manipulations to study molecular basis of networks function and pathologies:
example Laurent!
Questions/caveats:
- Anesthetized, awake head restrained, freely moving?
- Ethical debate: « the benefit to humans does not justify the harm to animals »
Animal care regulations, alternatives where possible, RRR= replacement-reduction-
refinement
- Can we transpose observations made in rodents to human?
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Model:
A brief the sensory
introduction whisker
to the function
whisker-to-barrel cortex system
2
1
Tangential section
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Extracellular recording:
discrimination of single units spikes profiles
PW and SW deflections
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depth
time
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