Girifna

Girifna est un mouvement soudanais qui s'oppose à "la guerre, la corruption, la dictature,
l'injustice et la discrimination contre les minorités". Elle a été fondée par des étudiants
universitaires en octobre 2009. Le mot Girifna signifie « nous en avons marre » en arabe. [1]

Freedom House décrit Girifna comme un mouvement de résistance non violent dirigé par des
jeunes. [1] Peace Monitor salue le mouvement en tant qu'organisation non violente travaillant
activement à promouvoir la paix. "Ils travaillent pour la paix, l'égalité et essaient de construire
une compréhension plus large entre des personnes qui sont engagées dans des conflits les
unes contre les autres depuis si longtemps." [2]

Fondation

Le groupe a été créé en octobre 2009. Il a commencé comme une campagne pour vaincre le
Parti du Congrès national (NCP) au pouvoir lors des élections nationales de 2010, ou, selon
au moins une source, comme un mouvement d'inscription des électeurs lors des élections de
la même année. [1] Girifna a été fondée deux jours avant le début du processus d'inscription
des électeurs. Il s'agissait de la première élection multipartite du pays depuis près d'un quart
de siècle, et les fondateurs de Girifna y ont vu « une opportunité de changement pacifique ».
[3]

Selon une source, Girifna a deux co-fondateurs, Nagi Musa. [1] Une autre source le décrit
comme ayant été fondé avec un troisième étudiant dans la ville d' Omdurman . [2]

Ghazi Mohammed Abuzied, a chemical engineering student, “joined Girifna on Facebook

before the elections and offered to volunteer his time,” according to the Washington Post. He
now “coordinates the movement's activities in Khartoum, arranging when volunteers go to
markets and bus stations to speak and hand out leaflets.”[3] Hisham Haj Omar, a Sudanese
living in New York, helped build Girifna's website.[3]

Objectives

Girifna states that it does not hold a specific political agenda, but is fighting for democracy
and political freedom in the Sudan. While the organization does not support any one
particular party of the opposition, it firmly opposes the ruling NCP party. Girifna has called for
the Sudanese people to vote out the NCP regime from power.[4]

After the 2010 elections, Girifna shifted its objective; its present goal is to overthrow the
ruling NCP through non-violent resistance and replace it with a “democratic nation-state.”[1]
“In the aftermath of the elections,” the Open Democracy website has stated, “Girifna
continued to push forward and organize for regime change.” One member of the group has
said that “the [NCP’s] ideology is the root cause of all [our] problems. We are a country of
multiple cultures, multiple religions, multiple languages. We need to be governed in a way
that accepts this diversity. These people are unable to accept diversity. Their ideology is
imposing a supremacy of Arabism, Islamism…[it’s] an ideology of discrimination, of racism,
and of manipulating religion to marginalize a lot of people in Sudan.”[5]

Leaders

One source describes Girifna as “a very modern organization” that has “no leader, only
members” who have no office headquarters but instead “gather in each other’s houses.”
According to this source, these members “are not anti-government; they are pro-change. They
are not demanding power; they are demanding justice and their basic human rights. Girifna
started taking action by handing out messages on the streets. The first message was simply
'know your rights!' The second was to unite and that they had to include women in the
political process.”[2]

Membership

The Girifna movement is open to all Sudanese citizens, and the exact number of members is
difficult to determine. According to a 2010 article in the Washington Post, Girifna had about
5,000 volunteers in Sudan; an article published during the same year in the Globe and Mail
placed the number of supporters at nearly 18,000.[1] As of 2010, Girifna had more than 7,000
members on its Facebook page.[3]
The organization itself characterizes its membership as “diverse” and “comprised of a wide
range of ages, and ethnic and religious backgrounds.” Most of its members are reportedly
youth activists, primarily from central Sudan, and some sources identify it as “student-led.”
The group welcomes members regardless of political beliefs and it purportedly has members
belonging to “all the major political parties in the country.”[1]

Headquarters

Girifna's headquarters are located in Khartoum, where the movement is most active, as well
as in Khartoum Bahri and Omdurman. It has also been active in the cities of Madani,
Algadarif, Al Jazeera, Atbara, Al Obied, Meroe, Dongola, and Nyala.[1]

Activities

The organization seeks to educate the Sudanese public, especially young people, about their
rights and about the “methodologies of non-violent resistance movements.” It has held
educational campaigns, public forums on economic and political issues, and art exhibitions,
and its events “have addressed such issues as corruption, economic disparity and poverty,
the limitation of political freedoms, and emphasized citizen participation through voter
registration and voter education.”

Members of the group “engage in mukhatabat (street talks)... and distribute leaflets
challenging the NCP in marketplaces, universities, schools, and on public transportation”;
they have also reportedly held demonstrations and “flash mobilizations” on the streets in
opposition to the ruling regime. Girifna encourages volunteers to “conduct informal
informational activities in their communities.”[1] The organization “uses a range of different
methods to mobilise opinion,” one source has stated. “They have tried everything from using
humour through a 'soap ad commercial' where al-Bashirs picture is washed from a dirty shirt,
to training people how to demonstrate and protest.”[2]

In 2015, Girifna was awarded the Václav Havel Prize for Creative Dissent.[6]

Médias

Girifna publie un magazine, exploite une station de radio (Radio Girifna), a un magazine en
ligne et une page Facebook, et imprime également des bulletins et des brochures. Il cherche
également à communiquer avec le public rural via des poèmes, des chansons, des clips
vidéo, des publicités et des interviews audio. Girifna a également publié des vidéos sur
YouTube. [1]

Le financement

Girifna dit qu'elle n'accepte pas les dons de gouvernements étrangers ou d'agences
internationales. Il prend cependant l'argent des partis politiques et de divers individus
soudanais à la fois dans le pays et dans la diaspora. [1]

Défis

Girifna members have reportedly been subject to harassment by Sudanese security forces,
and have been described as operating “in an extremely restrictive and dangerous
environment.” Freedom House has stated that Girifna is targeted by Sudan's National
Intelligence and Security Service (NISS) and that its members have been subjected to
detention, torture, beatings, stabbings, sexual harassment, rape, abductions, arrests,
imprisonment, arbitrary detention, and torture.[3]

On July 5, 2010, three Girifna members were arrested while distributing a pamphlet in
Khartoum North. They were charged with inciting violence against the state and threatening
public safety and “were beaten and coerced into agreeing to spy on Girifna for the
government.”[3]

Girifna co-founder Rudwan Dawod, who is a U.S. resident, was arrested on July 3, 2012, for
participating in peaceful protests. Detained for six weeks, he was charged with terrorism,
which is punishable by death. During his detention he was tortured, beaten, subjected to
sleep deprivation, and threatened with rape. He was again taken into custody and detained
from August 13 to August 16, 2012.[1]

“The government's harsh crackdown on Girifna's peaceful organizing activities is a testament

to the potential power of youth activism,” Olivia Bueno, associate director of the International
Refugee Rights Initiative, has said.[3]

Les références

1. "Sudan: The Girifna movement, including origin, objectives, members, regions of operation, activities,
methods of communication within the group, funding; treatment of group members by authorities
(2010-December 2014)" (http://www.refworld.org/docid/54f042cb4.html) . UN Refugee Agency.
 2. Golzadeh, Siavash (Sep 10, 2013). "Girifna – a part of Sudan's non-violent history" (http://peacemonit
or.org/?p=836) . Peace Monitor.

3. Hamilton, Rebecca (Aug 14, 2010). "Activist group Girifna aims to educate voters in Sudan" (https://w
ww.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/08/13/AR2010081304213_pf.html) .
Washington Post.

4. Frick, Maggie (Apr 6, 2010). " "Girifna": Student Activists in Khartoum Have Had Enough" (http://www.e
noughproject.org/publications/girifna-student-activists-khartoum-have-had-enough) . enough
project.

5. "We Are Fed Up! The power of a new generation of Sudanese youth activists" (https://www.opendemo
cracy.net/5050/anonymous/we-are-fed-up-power-of-new-generation-of-sudanese-youth-activists) .
Open Democracy. Aug 31, 2012.

6. Foundation, Human Rights. "Václav Havel International Prize for Creative Dissent | HRF Programs |
Programs | Human Rights Foundation" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160404215449/https://huma
nrightsfoundation.org/programs/hrf-programs/vaclav-havel-prize-for-creative-dissent) . Human
Rights Foundation. Archived from the original (https://humanrightsfoundation.org/programs/hrf-progr
ams/vaclav-havel-prize-for-creative-dissent) on 2016-04-04. Retrieved 2016-05-26.

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