Académique Documents
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ING-LI 3
2023/2024
Sommaire
➢ MRP: Rappel
Gammes
Nomenclatur Besoin
opératoire
e net
s
Simuler Lancemen
Stocks charges de t d’OF ou
Encours travail/
SF de
capacité command
e
MRP: Rappel
• La méthode MRP est une méthode de planification des besoins en
composants.
• Cette méthode répartie les différents besoins de l’entreprise en deux
principales catégories :
Besoins Besoins
Indépendants Dépendants
Prévisions de
Besoins internes
ventes estimées
en matière et
par le service
composants
commercial
Industry
Best-in-Class 63
Industry 71
Average
Industry 84
Retardataires
0 20 40 60 80 100
VUCA world
Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity et Ambiguity
Nouvelles Normes: Exemples
Circumstance 1965 Aujourd’hui
Supply Chain Complexity Low. Supply chains looked like chains – they High. Supply chains look more like “supply
were more linear. Vertically integrated and webs” and are fragmented and extended
domestic supply chains dominated the landscape across the globe.
Product Life Cycles Long. Often measured in years and or Short. Often measured in months (particularly in
decades (e.g. rotary phones) technology)
Customer Tolerance Times Long. Often measured in weeks and months Short. Often measured in days with many
situations dictating less than 24 hour turns
Product Complexity Low. High. Most products now have relatively
complex mechanical and electrical systems and
micro‐systems. Can you even work on a modern
car anymore?
Product Customization Low. Few options or custom feature available. High. Lots of configuration and customization
to a particular customer or customer type.
Product Variety Low. Example – toothpaste. In 1965 Colgate High – Colgate made 17 types of toothpaste and
and Crest each made one type of toothpaste. Crest made 42!
Long Lead Time Parts Few. Here the word “long” is in relation to the time Many. Today’s extended and fragmented
the market is willing to wait. By default if supply chains have resulted in not only more
customer tolerance times were longer it stands to purchased items but more purchased items
reason that there were less long lead time parts. coming from more remote locations.
More so, however, is that fact that supply chains
looked different. Most parts were domestically
sourced and thus often much “closer” in time.
Forecast Accuracy High. With less variety, longer life cycles and high Low. The combined complexity of the above
customer tolerance times forecast accuracy was items is making the idea of improving forecast
almost a non‐issue. “If you build it, they will buy accuracy a losing battle.
it.”
Pressure for Leaner Inventories Low. With less variety and longer cycles the High. At the same time operations is asked to
penalties of building inventory positions was support a much more complex demand and
minimized. supply scenario (as defined above) they are
required to do so with less working capital!
Transactional Friction High. Finding suppliers and customers took Low. Information is readily available at the click
exhaustive and expensive efforts. Choices were of the mouse. Choices are almost
• Nouvelles pressions
Information
Maitriser et réduire le
lead time
Nécessité de s’appuyer
sur du stock Délai Global de la Supply Chain
Enjeu1: Gestion des stocks
Valeur ou gaspillage?
Valeur
Niveau de stock
Trop peu= Trop= Cash,
Ruptures, capacité et
retards, Gaspillage surface
urgences, ventes immobilisée
perdues dans le stock
La distribution ‘’Bimodale" du MRP
Oscillation
Vert: Plus l'épaisseur est faible, plus la génération de commandes est fréquente.
Rouge: Stock de sécurité, plus la variabilité est élevée, plus la zone rouge est épaisse
1 1
FDP FDP
5 2 5 2
208 210 208 210
4 12 4 12
4 4
315 311P 310 315 311P 310
10 45 45 10 45 45
401P 410P 412P 401P 410P 412P
Maitriser et réduire le
lead time
Nécessité de s’appuyer
sur du stock Délai Global de la Supply Chain
2
La première loi de la Supply
Chain
• Principaux concepts : Découplage
Information
Maitriser et réduire le
lead time
Nécessité de s’appuyer
sur du stock Délai Global de la Supply Chain
Enjeu3: Effet de fouet &
Variabilité
Oscillation
# of parts or SKU
Variabilité du Management
Variabilité de la demande
Variabilité opérationnelle
Output
Enjeu3: Effet de fouet &
Variabilité
Monde VUCA
Enjeu3: Effet de fouet & Variabilité
Bi-dimentionnel
FPA FPB
Lean
Primary Objective:
Reduce Waste
FLOW
Six-Sigma Theory of Constraints
Primary Objective: Primary Objective:
Reduce Improve
Variability Throughput
Enjeu3: Effet de fouet &
Variabilité
Stratégie de découplage
Protéger &
promouvoir les
flux tout en
maximisant le
ROI
Eviter pénuries
et/ou surstocks
chroniques
Réduire
dépenses et
déchets
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MBWICBA_FHI