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A burner management system is used on heated vessels in the oil and gas industry where precise temperature
control is needed.
Un système de gestion de brûleur est utilisé sur les navires chauffés dans
l'industrie pétrolière et gazière où un contrôle précis de la température est
nécessaire.
In this video, we’ll discuss a burner management system and cover the following topics:
What is a BMS?
BMS Heating: Direct vs. Indirect Fired Vessels
Dans cette vidéo, nous discuterons d'un système de gestion de brûleur et aborderons
les sujets suivants :
What is a BMS?
A burner management system, or BMS, is a combination of products that:
Control safety systems used to ensure safe startup and shutdown process burners
You’ll find a BMS anywhere that heat is being controlled within a vessel, such as Heater Treaters, Line
Heaters, and some horizontal separators.
The easiest way to identify a BMS is to look for a flame arrestor and stack. These are easily recognized
pieces of equipment that signify the use of a BMS on a heated vessel.
Vous trouverez un BMS partout où la chaleur est contrôlée dans un navire, comme les
traiteurs chauffants, les réchauffeurs de ligne et certains séparateurs horizontaux.
Without a burner management system, if a pilot flame is extinguished, the burner gas will continue to
flow even without proper temperature control. This creates a dangerous situation and increases the chance
of fire and accidents from burner gas venting.
Sans système de gestion du brûleur, si une veilleuse est éteinte, le gaz du brûleur
continuera à circuler même sans un contrôle de température approprié. Cela crée une
situation dangereuse et augmente les risques d'incendie et d'accidents dus à
l'évacuation des gaz du brûleur.
BMS HEating: Direct vs. Indirect Fired
There are two kinds of heated vessels producers use: direct fired and indirect fired.
The term direct fired means the heat element is providing heat directly to the product being processed.
Examples of these types of units are glycol reboilers and heater treaters.
A manual BMS has controls that must be manually adjusted or started. These systems can use a pilot light
to ignite the main burner and are referred to as a free-standing pilot burner.
The pilot light needs to be manually ignited in the start-up process. The T-12 Temperature Controller is
used to operate a pneumatic low pressure control valve when the temperature needs to be adjusted.
While manual BMS's have historically been the standard, they can put the operator in a potentially
dangerous situation during the start-up process.
Using a standard Line Heater as an example, we’ll start by looking at the supply gas regulator. This
regulates supply gas to all the pneumatic controls in the BMS.
It initially leads to the pilot guard, which then feeds the level switch, followed by the high-temperature
shutdown and thermostat.
Pilot Guard
The pilot guard is directly in the pilot flame, monitoring the free-standing pilot burner. If the flame goes
out for any reason, it shuts supply gas off to the rest of the system. This prevents natural gas from going
into the burner without a pilot flame and being emitted into the atmosphere. It makes sure that the pilot
light is lit, and the gas is being consumed.
Garde pilote
For safety measures, when there's a BMS, there’s also a liquid level switch used as a low-level shutdown.
When the heat transfer media drops below a certain level, it could expose the fire tube, in turn creating
hot spots and compromising the fire tube.
If the level switch is tripped, it cuts off all supply gas to the BMS, removing all fire until the liquid level
is increased above that point.
The High Temperature Shutdown monitors the temperature as a safety backup in case the T-12 fails and
temperature rises. Once the fluid gets to a predetermined temperature, the high temperature shutdown
removes all supply gas to the burner by closing a valve upstream of the primary burner valve, so it can no
longer heat the vessel.
The high temperature shutdown is made up of a T12 and a manual reset pilot.
Once the BMS setpoint is reached, the high temp shutdown must be manually reset to supply the burner
with fuel. This ensures that an operator must go to the location to inspect the equipment and fix the issues
that caused the overheating before they reset the high temp shutdown
L'arrêt haute température est composé d'un T12 et d'un pilote à réarmement manuel.
Une fois le point de consigne BMS atteint, l'arrêt haute température doit être
réinitialisé manuellement pour alimenter le brûleur en combustible. Cela garantit
qu'un opérateur doit se rendre sur place pour inspecter l'équipement et résoudre les
problèmes qui ont causé la surchauffe avant de réinitialiser l'arrêt à haute
température.
Thermostat (T12)
The thermostat is commonly referred to as the T-12 because the length of the probe is 12” long.
The pneumatic thermostat is installed where it will be immersed in the liquid to be heated. The thermostat
monitors the liquid temperature and expands and contracts with the temperature change of that fluid. This
positions the pilot plug to either vent or output a pneumatic signal to control how much fuel the burner is
receiving via a pneumatic low pressure control valve.
An optional separable socket, or thermowell, allows you to remove the thermostat from the vessel without
having to depressurize the vessel.
For a more technical explanation of what is happening inside the thermostat, watch our video about the
operation of the T12 thermostat.
thermostat (T12)
This pneumatic signal from the T12 is sent to the burner valve (pneumatic low pressure control valve).
The burner valve opens to let the appropriate amount of gas through to the burner to increase the temperature.
La soupape du brûleur s'ouvre pour laisser passer la quantité appropriée de gaz vers
le brûleur afin d'augmenter la température.
The valves used in this application are double acting, meaning there are two forces acting on the valve.
The spring moves the valve stem to its fail position (closed) and diaphragm supply pressure, coming from
the T12 output will move it in the opposite direction (open).
These systems are not exactly the same, but they use the same principles that the supply gas is always fed
through the safety systems before it gets to the burner valve, ensuring that if any safety systems are
tripped, the burner valve is shut down completely
Les vannes utilisées dans cette application sont à double effet, ce qui signifie que
deux forces agissent sur la vanne. Le ressort déplace la tige de vanne vers sa
position de défaillance (fermée) et la pression d'alimentation du diaphragme,
provenant de la sortie T12, la déplacera dans la direction opposée (ouverte).
Ces systèmes ne sont pas exactement les mêmes, mais ils utilisent les mêmes principes
que le gaz d'alimentation est toujours alimenté à travers les systèmes de sécurité
avant qu'il n'atteigne la vanne du brûleur, garantissant que si des systèmes de
sécurité sont déclenchés, la vanne du brûleur est complètement fermée.
While a manual BMS uses supply gas to control its pneumatic components, an automated BMS requires low-
voltage electrical power to control its electronic components.
Alors qu'un BMS manuel utilise le gaz d'alimentation pour contrôler ses composants
pneumatiques, un BMS automatisé nécessite une alimentation électrique basse tension
pour contrôler ses composants électroniques.
An automated BMS can sense when the burner needs to be extinguished or relit and can complete that
task automatically. These systems communicate with low pressure control valves, such as the Kimray E-
LO.
These automated valves provide electric burner temperature control by releasing the appropriate amount
of gas into the burner in order to maintain the desired temperature.
Automated BMS’s will have an electronic ignition system that keeps the operator out of harm's way.
These systems eliminate the possibility of a constant pilot being blown out and minimize fuel
consumption and atmospheric emissions.
Electronic ignition systems are also much safer for the operator in the event of a back flash or equipment
fire.
Un BMS automatisé peut détecter quand le brûleur doit être éteint ou rallumé et peut
effectuer cette tâche automatiquement. Ces systèmes communiquent avec des vannes de
régulation basse pression, telles que la Kimray E-LO.
Les BMS automatisés auront un système d'allumage électronique qui protège l'opérateur
du danger. Ces systèmes éliminent la possibilité qu'un pilote constant soit soufflé
et minimisent la consommation de carburant et les émissions atmosphériques.
Les systèmes d'allumage électronique sont également beaucoup plus sûrs pour
l'opérateur en cas de retour de flamme ou d'incendie d'équipement.
Using a Heater Treater as an example, we'll start by looking at the Resistance Temperature Detector or
RTD. An RTD senses the temperature of the production fluid and sends an appropriate electric signal to a
burner valve to adjust the amount of fuel it is providing the burner to maintain a temperature set point.
RTDs have high accuracy and repeatability, which is key to any BMS.
The E-LO control valve is a low-power, low-pressure controller designed to control flow in applications
less than 45 psi. Producers use it often as a burner control valve within an automated BMS.
In this scenario, the E-LO will receive an electronic signal from an RTD and move to the appropriate
position to control the amount of fuel it's providing the burner.
Dans ce scénario, l'E-LO recevra un signal électronique d'un RTD et se déplacera vers
la position appropriée pour contrôler la quantité de carburant qu'il fournit au
brûleur.
In an automated BMS, an electric liquid level switch is used as a low level shutdown. The switch stops
fuel from traveling to the burner in case of the liquid level being too low, exposing the firetube.
The primary benefits of using a Burner Management System include limiting gas emissions and safer
working conditions.
Limiting excess gas emissions – using a BMS enables producers to be more in control of
emissions. The BMS automatically shuts off and relights the burner based on what temperature it
senses. This resulting in releasing less gas into the atmosphere.
Safer working conditions – because gas is not continuously being released, operators are working in a
safer environment, reducing the risk of injury.