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RÉSUMÉ SUMMARY
L’immunophénotypage est devenu une étape incontournable du dia- Flow cytometry in the diagnostic work-up and
gnostic des leucémies aiguës, complément indispensable de l’examen follow-up of acute leukemia
morphologique des cellules au microscope. Il permet de confirmer la Immunophenotyping has become a mandatory step
lignée cellulaire engagée dans le processus leucémique, et de préciser in the diagnosis of acute leukemias, together with
le stade de blocage des blastes dans leur différenciation. Ces éléments cytomorphologic microscopic examination. It allows
conditionnent en partie la prise en charge des patients, subordonnée un to definitely assess the lineage involved in the leuke-
peu plus tard aux caractéristiques cytogénétiques et moléculaires de la mic process and to precise the stage of blast cells
tumeur. La réalisation et l’interprétation correctes de la cytométrie en flux maturation blockade. These features condition in part
appliquée aux leucémies aiguës impliquent une bonne connaissance patients’ management, later also influenced by data
des marqueurs utilisables et de leur expression dans la moelle normale. from cytogenetics and molecular analyses. Proper
Ces données ont longtemps été fragmentaires mais sont désormais de performance and interpretation of flow cytometry
mieux en mieux établies, facilitant le diagnostic initial. L’impact des ano- applied to acute leukemias implies solid knowledge of
malies immunophénotypiques sur le pronostic a pratiquement disparu the markers available and their expression in normal
avec les progrès thérapeutiques, même si l’identification formelle de la bone marrow. These features, long only sparse, now
lignée en cause reste indispensable. Cependant, alors que les critères de tend to be better and better established, facilitating
corticosensibilité précoce (pour les leucémies aiguës lymphoblastiques) the initial diagnosis. The prognostic impact of immu-
et de chimiosensibilité initiale prennent une importance croissante dans la nophenotypic anomalies has almost disappeared
littérature récente, la cytométrie en flux est en mesure d’occuper une place with the progress of therapies, even if definite lineage
majeure tant pour le suivi des traitements d’induction que pour la mesure assessment remains fundamental. However, since cri-
de la maladie résiduelle aux différentes étapes de la prise en charge des teria of early corticosensitivity (for acute lymphoblas-
patients. Cette revue générale aborde successivement l’ensemble de ces tic leukemias) and of initial chemosensitivity appear
problématiques. to be of growing importance in the recent literature,
flow cytometry is likely to gain a major place for the
Cytométrie en flux – leucémies aiguës – diagnostic – maladie résiduelle.
follow-up of induction therapies as well as for minimal
residual disease assessment at the various treatment
1. Introduction checkpoints. This review addresses all these issues.
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